Pickup

Titanium IV) oxide, T1O2. See titanium dioxide. Dissolves in concentrated alkali hydroxides to give titanates. Mixed metal oxides, many of commercial importance, are formed by TiOj. CaTiOj is perovskite. BaTiOa, per-ovskite related structure, is piezoelectric and is used in transducers in ultrasonic apparatus and gramophone pickups and also as a polishing compound. Other mixed oxides have the il-menite structure (e.g. FeTiOj) and the spinel structure (e.g. MgjTiO ). 

Heightened wear resistance of the pickup working surface thanks to the use of a protective plate of stainless steel. 

The application possibility of various pickups types (superposed, communicating, special and others). 

For boundary lubrication, a must be on the order of 10" to account for the great reduction in metal pickup, therefore, most of the friction must be due to film-film interactions. 

Specifications, Shipping, and Analysis. Hydrogen fluoride is shipped in bulk in tank cars (specification 112S400W) and tank tmcks (specification MC312). A small volume of overseas business is shipped in ISO tanks. Bulk shipments are made of anhydrous HF as well as 70% aqueous solutions. A small amount of aqueous solution may be shipped as 50%. Cars and tmcks used for anhydrous HF transport are of carbon steel constmction. It is possible to ship 70% aqueous in steel from a corrosion standpoint however, mbber lining is commonly used to eliminate iron pickup, which is detrimental to product quaUty in a number of appHcations. Hydrogen fluoride of less than 60% strength must always be shipped in lined containers. 

Aqueous hydrogen fluoride of greater than 60% maybe handled in steel up to 38°C, provided velocities are kept low (<0.3 m/s) and iron pickup in the process stream is acceptable. Otherwise, mbber or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) linings are used. For all appHcations, PTFE or PTEE-lined materials are suitable up to the maximum use temperature of 200°C. PTEE is also the material of choice for gasketing. AHoy 20 or Monel is typically used for valve and pump appHcations. Materials unacceptable for use in HE include cast iron, type 400 stainless steel, hardened steels, titanium, glass, and siHcate ceramics. 

MoistureResista.nce, Plastic foams are advantageous compared to other thermal insulations in several appHcations where they are exposed to moisture pickup, particularly when subjected to a combination of thermal and moisture gradients. In some cases the foams are exposed to freeze—thaw cycles as well. The behavior of plastic foams has been studied under laboratory conditions simulating these use conditions as well as under the actual use conditions. 

Moisture pickup and freeze—thaw resistance of various insulations and the effect of moisture on the thermal performance of these insulations has been reported (207). In protected membrane roofing appHcations the order of preference for minimizing moisture pickup is... 

In addition to time-related effects, the soUd-state physical properties are also affected by adsorbed water, which functions as a plasticizer. Water pickup is affected by the nature of the cation, with sodium ionomers absorbing about 10 times the level of the zinc equivalent (6) under the same conditions. Drying must be carried out at temperatures below 100°C and is therefore a slow process. In commercial practice, ionomers are suppUed dry, and techniques have been developed to minimize moisture absorption during processing. 

Fig. 4. Fourdrinier paper machine A, headbox B, Fourdrinier wet end with foil boxes C, wet and D, dry suction boxes, pickup, and closed transfer of web...

Fig. 6. (a) The Bel Bale II twin-wke former. Stock from A, the headbox, is formed into sheet between B, wke number 1 and C, wke number 2. The web is removed from wke 2 by D, a suction pickup roU. (b) A roU-type twin-wke tissue former. Stock from A, the headbox, passes between B, wke number 1 and C, wke number 2 around D, a forming roU, and the web is removed from wke 2 by E, a suction pickup roU. 

Generally, recyclables are either coUected at curbside or deposited by consumers at various types of drop-off locations, such as local recycling centers, community service clubs, dealers, and commercial buyback centers. Curbside coUections of recyclables can be accompUshed either in conjunction with the pickup of aU MSW or as a separate activity. Co-coUection systems range from complete commingling of aU waste for later separation at a mixed waste processing facility to transporting essentially source-separated recyclables in the same tmck as MSW. 

The hygroscopic and humectant properties of com symps are of great importance in many apphcations. Depending on the type of symp and on the specific conditions of temperature and humidity, the products may either resist or facihtate moisture loss or moisture absorption. The abihty to attract moisture or retard its loss increases with increasing DE value. Prevention of moisture pickup is more characteristic of symps having low DE values. 

A second general approach to achieve reduced wet pickup is based on the use of the vacuum slot technology (15,16). In this case the fabric may be padded conventionaUy, but is then mn against a vacuum slot (17). This vacuum slot removes a certain amount of water solution from the fabric, so that a reduced level of wet pickup is achieved prior to drying. A lower level of wet pickup is achieved on blend fabrics than it is on 100% ceUulosics using the vacuum slot technology. 

Standard Test Methods for Tire Yarns, Cords, and Woven Fabrics. ASTM standard D885M-94 includes test methods for characterizing tire cord twist, break strength, elongation at break, modulus, tenacity, work-to-break, toughness, stiffness, growth, and dip pickup for industrial filament yams made from organic base fibers, cords twisted from such yams, and fabrics woven from these cords that are produced specifically for use in the manufacture of pneumatic tires. These test methods apply to nylon, polyester, rayon, and aramid yams, tire cords, and woven fabrics. 

High density tungsten alloy machine chips are recovered by oxidation at about 850°C, foUowed by reduction in hydrogen at 700—900°C. Typically, the resultant powders are about 3-p.m grain size and resinter readily. There can be some pickup of refractory materials used in furnace constmction, which must be controUed. This process is important commercially. Eor materials that may be contaminated with other metals or impurities, the preferred recovery process is the wet chemical conversion process used for recovery of tungsten from ores and process wastes. Materials can always be considered for use as additions in alloy steel melting. 

In a 24-h water soaking test, compreg has an ASE value of 95%. The rate of water pickup is so slow that complete swelling equiHbrium of a 1.27-cm specimen is not achieved in a year at room temperature. Compreg is brown and acquires a high poHsh on buffing. It is made commercially in small quantities and is used for knife handles, gears, and certain musical instmments and decorative objects. 

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