Physical hazards explosives

Physical hazards, including potenUal for fire, explosion, and reactivity ... 

Petroleum and chemical related hazards can arise from the presence of combustible or toxic liquids, gases, mist, or dust in the work environment. Common physical hazards include ambient heat, bums, noise, vibration, sudden pressure changes, radiation, and electric shock. Various external sources, such as chemical, biological, or physical hazards, can cause work related injuries or fatalities. Although all of these hazards are of concern this book primarily concentrates on fire and explosions hazards that can cause catastrophic events. 

A Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion, or BLEVE, is an industrial event related to the laboratory bump occasioned when the inadequately mixed bottom of a vessel of liquid becomes superheated, then explosively boils. In the industrial version, rupture of a pressurised container is usually involved. Although strictly speaking a non-reactive physical hazard, chemical fires and explosions, with fatalities, often follow. Means of estimating risk and prevention, with a fist of incidents are given[l], A more ferocious version, the Boiling Liquid Compressed Bubble... 

Accidents involving physical hazards can directly injure workers and can create additional hazards, for example, increased chemical exposure due to damaged protective equipment, or danger of explosion caused by the mixing of chemicals. Site personnel should constantly look out for potential safety hazards, and should immediately inform their supervisors of any new hazards so that proper action can be taken [1,21,31]. 

Toughened glass used in fume cupboard windows can occasionally shatter explosively when edge defects are present. Although a physical hazard, it is possible to imagine it triggered by a small chemical explosion, which could even amplify the... 

Human activities are associated with the use and disposal of a variety of chemicals and chemical products. This is the situation for a householder, a laboratory student, and also the industry worker. Many materials have properties that make them hazardous. They can create physical (fire, explosion) or health hazards (toxicity, chemical bums). However, there are many ways to work with chemicals which can both reduce the probability of an accident and reduce the consequences should an accident occur. Risk minimization depends on safe practices, appropriate engineering controls for chemical containment, the proper use of personnel protective equipment, use of the least amount of material necessary, and substitution of a less-hazardous chemical for a more hazardous one. Before beginning any chemical processing or operation, ask What would happen if. .. The answer to this question requires understanding of the hazards associated with chemicals, the equipment, and the procedure involved. The hazardous properties of the material and its intended use will dictate the precautions to be taken. 

Today, almost everyone works or lives with chemicals and chemical prodncts. Over the centuries man has lived in a chemical age, but especially so during the past several decades. Many of the chemical substances can have deleterious effects on animals, humans, and the environment. These substances are capable of causing physical hazards (e.g., lire or explosion) or health hazards (such as systemic toxicity and chemical bums). Improper use of chemical substances causes a wide range of health hazards. It is the responsibility of the user to evaluate each chemical substance and know its potential to cause adverse health effects and pose physical hazards, such as flammability in the workplace. The manufacturers, importers, and distributors of different chemical substances must be sure that containers of hazardous chemicals leaving the workplace are properly labeled with the identity of the chemical and appropriate hazard warnings. In the workplace, each container must be marked with the identity of hazardous chemicals contained in it and must show hazard warnings appropriate for employee protection. 

Hazard is a broad term defined as the ability of a substance to result in consequences that are adverse to human health and the environment and encompasses several subcategories (Table I). The first time students enter a laboratory they are cautioned about physical hazards such as flammability, explosivity, and corrosivity. Physical hazards can be defined as events that cause injury or significant disruption at a well defined, localized level. A discussion of how these physical hazards are derived from their molecular structure is an important component in making students aware that they can influence the potential for ha5 rd as they design new molecules. 

Contaminated land can present a physical hazard to site users. Landfill gas can cause explosion and fire. Explosions have occurred under houses built near to former landfill sites in Loscoe (Derbyshire) and Kenilworth (Warwickshire). Sites may also present physical dangers such as shafts, holes, tanks, tunnels, dilapidated structures and subsidence due to collapse of underground workings. The colliery spoil slide at Aberfan in 1966 killed 144 people including 116 school children. 

Physical hazard means a chemical for which there is scientifically valid evidence that it is a combustible liquid, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or water-reactive. 

Physical hazards include noise, vibration, extremes of temperature, compressed gases, combustible and flammable chemicals, pyrophorics, explosives, oxidizers, and reactive materials. Process employees are exposed to physical hazards on a daily basis because they woric outside on the unit among pipes containing compressed gases, fluids under high temperatures, and flammable and explosive chemicals. Examples of some these hazards on a process unit might include ... 

A typical manufacturing plant may have numerous hazards. There are chemical hazards or the hazards posed by the storing, processing, and handling of chemicals. There are also physical hazards posed by the physical properties of chemicals, such as a compressed gases, explosives, and oxidizers. Generally, the terms acute and chronic are used to delineate between effects on the basis of severity or duration. Acute effects occur rapidly as a result of short-term exposures. Chronic effects occur as a result of long-term exposures. 

Physical Hazards are things that are hazardous because of their physical properties. They include combustible and flammable liquids, compressed gases, explosives, oxidizers, and highly reactive materials. 

Physical Hazards— These are hazards due to the physical properties of chemicals. They include extremes of temperature, compressed gases, explosives, fiammables, and excessive radiation. Other types of physical hazards are noise and vibration. 

It is easy to focus exclusively on the potential toxicological problems that could be encountered in a manufacturing process carcinogenicity, endocrine disruption, mutagenicity, and other acute toxic endpoints are all too real in chemistry. This final principle acknowledges that over and above these concerns physical hazards such as explosivity and flammability must also be considered in a product design. In much the same way as structure activity relationships... 

The production of the process industry often involves hazards. Their nature can be both physical and chemical. Physical hazards derive from operating conditions which may be extreme, such as very low or very high temperatures and pressures. Chemical hazards are those associated with the materials present in the process, which can be toxic, flammable, explosible, or release energy due to spontaneous reactions. Indeed, it is the necessity to put the substances into a reactive state in order to enable one to produce the desired products that may lead to hazards. 

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