Physical constants symbols

This list contains the most frequently used symbols and physical constants ordered according to approximate appearance in the text. 

Section 2 combines the former separate section on Mathematics with the material involving General Information and Conversion Tables. The fundamental physical constants reflect values recommended in 1986. Physical and chemical symbols and definitions have undergone extensive revision and expansion. Presented in 14 categories, the entries follow recommendations published in 1988 by the lUPAC. The table of abbreviations and standard letter symbols provides, in a sense, an alphabetical index to the foregoing tables. The table of conversion factors has been modified in view of recent data and inclusion of SI units cross-entries for archaic or unusual entries have been curtailed. 

For your guidance. Table 0.2 will help you convert between the results of some molecular modelling packages and SI. The first column gives the physical quantity. The second column shows the usual symbol. The third column gives X, the collection of physical constants that correspond to each quantity. This collection is not unique, but the value given in the fourth column is unique. 

There are several publications dealing with units and symbols of physical chemical quantities. Some also list the values of the fundamental physical constants, as recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) in 2005 [1], The following tables contain the information that is relevant for molecular energetics [1,2]. 

The authoritative values for physical constants and conversion factors used in thermodynamic calculations are assembled in Table 2.3. Furthermore, information about the proper use of physical quantities, units, and symbols can be found in several additional sources [5]. 

The symbol h represents a fundamental physical constant that we now call Planck s constant h = 6.626 X 10 34 J s. For example, one quantum of red light... 

In this section the notation and symbols used throughout the book are listed alphabetically under their appropriate headings. Constants are usually given in nonitalic type and variables in italic. (This is only a general rule. By convention, Boltzmann s constant k, Planck s constant h, and other physical constants are in italic.) Boldfaced type indicates vectors and matrices. Except in section L2.4.A., the cgs (centimeter-gram-second) and the mks (meter-kilogram-second) systems of notation are used in parallel. Any symbols not listed in this section are defined where they are used or in the notation section of Level 3. 

Specific rotation (Section 5.12C) A standardized physical constant for the amount that a chiral compound rotates plane-polarized light. Specific rotation is denoted by the symbol [a] and defined using a specific sample tube length (/ in dm), concentration (r in g/mL), temperature (25 °C) and wavelength (589 nm). [a] = oJ(l x c)... 

These lists contain the symbols and abbreviations most frequently used in this volume, but they are not expected to be exhaustive. Some specialized notation is only defined in the relevant chapter. An attempt has been made to standardize usage throughout the volume as far as is feasible, but it must be borne in mind that the original research literature certainly is not standardized in this way, and some difficulties may arise from this fact. Trivial use of subscripts etc. is not always mentioned in the symbols listed below. Some of the other symbols used in the text, e.g. for physical constants such as h or tt, or for the thermodynamic quantities such as H or S, are not included in the list since they are considered to follow completely accepted usage. 

The present third edition has been substantially revised and extended with new sections (e.g. on uncertainty) compared to the second edition. The most accurate recent fundamental physical constants and atomic masses are tabulated. The symbol as well as the subject index has been extended considerably to facilitate the usage of the Green Book. A table of numerical energy conversion factors is given and the most recent lUPAC periodic table of the elements is given on the inside back cover. 

This chapter outlines and lists the symbols, terminology and nomenclature, the units and conversion factors, the order of formulae, the standard conditions, and the fundamental physical constants used in this volume. They are derived from international standards and have been specially adjusted for the TDB publications. 

Symbols and Abbreviations The Modern Periodic Table Alphabetical Table of the Elements Properties of Elements Electron Configurations of the Elements Useful Physical Constants Names and Charges of Polyatomic Ions Solubility Guidelines Solubility Product Constants Acid-Base Indicators... 

Table 1 shows some symbols and abbreviations commonly used in analytical chemistry, while Table 2 shows some of the alternative methods for expressing the values of physical quantities and their relationship to the values in SI units. In addition. Table 3 lists prefixes for SI units and Table 4 shows the recommended values of a selection of physical constants. 

---