Phthalimide Ethylene

Bromoethylamine hydrobromide has been prepared by the reaction of potassium phthalimide with ethylene bromide, followed by hydrolysis,1 by the addition of hydrogen bromide to ethyleneimine,2 and by the present method.3... 

Heterocycles having highly acidic NH sites, e.g. phthalimide, 2-pyridone, imidazole, react with ethylene carbonate under conditions analogous to those employed for the synthesis of p-hydroxyethyl esters (3.3.1.E) to give the (V-p-hydroxyethyl heterocycles [89]. 

B. /3-Bromoethylphthalimide.—In a i-l. two-necked round-bottom flask fitted with an efficient stirrer and a reflux condenser are placed 150 g. (0.8 mole) of potassium phthalimide and 450 g. (2.4 moles) of ethylene dibromide (Note 5). The stirrer is started and the mixture is heated for about twelve hours in an oil bath maintained at 180-190°. The condenser is then set for distillation, and the excess of ethylene dibromide is distilled under reduced pressure. The recovery of the bromide amounts to 290-295 g. (Note 6). 

Until about ten years ago, protectant foliar fungicides (such as ethylene bis-dithiocarbamates and phthalimides) and soil sterilants (such as vapam or methylbromide) were the only chemical means of controlling diseases caused by Oomycetes. These compounds are nonspecific biocides affecting many vital cell processes of both the pathogen and the host plant. This means that they are non-selective,... 

Poly[(4,4 -(Hexafluoroisopropylidene)-(4,4 -(Hexafluoro-Isopropylidene)-Phthalimide] Film Blend Containing bis[(l,2-Trifluoromethyl)Ethylene-1,2-Dithiolato] Nickel(II)... 

The move towards catalytic reactions was initiated in 1983 by Hopkins and William. Phthalimide attached to a methacrylate residue acted as template. Hydrolysis after microgel formation with methyl methacrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl-methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate left behind cavities possessing primary amine groups. Sha selectivity was confirmed by determination of hydrolysis rates between different 4-nitrophenyl esters. An acetate was hydrolysed considerably faster than a caproate [147]. Four years later Leonhardt and... 

With ethylene bromide, 1-2-di-brom ethane, two molecules of the phthalimide become linked by the ethylene group. 

Amino-V-methylphthalimide was treated with sodium hydride and then reacted with penta(ethylene glycol) ditosylate to afford a crowned phthalimide 3. In this reaction, an a,(0-bichromophoric podand 4 was also obtained. Subsequent reaction of the phthalimide 3 with hydrazine provided the desired crowned isoluminol 1,... 

Bis(tetrabromophthalimide)ethane BT 93 BT-93D BT 93W CCRIS 6188 Qtex BT 93 EINECS 251-118-6 2,2 -(1,2-Ethanediyl)bis(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1 H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione) N,N -Ethylenebis(3,4,5,6-le1rabromo-phthalimide) 1H-lsoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, 2, -(1,2-ethanediyl)bis(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-] Phthalimide, N.N -elhylenebis(telrabromo- Saytex BT 93 Saytex BT 93W. Flame retardant for high-impact PS, polyethylene, PP, thermoplastic polyesters, nylon, EPDM, rubbers, PC, ethylene copolymers, ionomer resins, textile treatment Solid mp = 446" SG = 2.67 ... 

AH2-Bromoethyl)phthaHmide 449 cf-453 Potassium phthalimide (100 g) is heated with ethylene dibromide (300 g, 3 equivalents) under lively reflux with frequent shaking until, after about 7 h, a syrup has been formed. Unchanged ethylene dibromide is then removed in steam the residual viscous mass solidifies on cooling under water. The water is decanted and the solid is dissolved in boiling 96% ethanol (ca. 150 ml), which is then filtered and allowed... 

Duslin p Du si in PP Powd.. See N-(Cyclohexylthio) phthalimide Dusoran MD. See Lanolin alcohol Dutch liquid Dutch oil. See Ethylene dichloride Dutch rush extract. See Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) extract Du-Ter . See Fentin hydroxide Dutral CO 034, Dutral CO 038, Dutral CO 043, Dutral CO 054 Dutral CO 058, Dutral CO 059, Dutral CO 554 Dutral CT 053. See EPM rubber... 

Polystyrene - Television and business machines Ethane bis (penta bromophenyl) and ethylene bis (tetra-bromide phthalimide) [40]... 

NR, No Rating HBCD, hexabromocyclododecane EBTPI, ethylene bis(tetrabromo-phthalimide) TBBA, tetrabromobisphenol-A DBDPO, decabromodiphenyloxide BSIDAN, octabromotrimethylphenylindan PBB-PA, poly(pentabromobenzylacrylate) Dechlorane, 2 mol hexachlorocydopentadiene + 1 mol cyclopentadiene. 

Additives can also be used to improve the hydrolytic stability of polyester polyurethanes. Glycol-cured materials are reported to be stabilized with cyclic imines. Substituted ureas or thioureas ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid-derived chelating agents oxycarbonyl isocyanates epoxies carbodiimides, alone " or in combination with silica silanes " substituted phthalimides and an undisclosed combination of additives have all been cited as stabilizers for polyester polyurethanes. 

Metal ions or metals in zero oxidation state are used as templates. Template syntheses based on phthalimide and phthalic anhydride require an aminating agent (for instance, urea) and catalysts (ammonium molybdate, boric acid, ZrCl4) [455-457]. In all cases the reaction proceeds either in a molten mixture of the reagents or in an inert high-boiling solvent (nitrobenzene, chloronaphthalene, o-dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, ethylene glycol) [456-460]. 

Chemical Name Ethylene bis-tetrabromo phthalimide Form Yellow powder % Br 67... 

TMA has been applied to the determination of Tg in Neoprene, styrene-butadiene, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, polychloroprene, nitrile, ethylene-propylene-diene, and butyl rubbers [8], polyamide 6 [9], polyoxadiazoles, polyether arylenes [9], N(-2-biphenylene)-4-(2-phenylethynyl) phthalimide [10], polypropylene-sericite-tridymite cristohalite blends [11], and ether bridged aromatic dicarboxylic acid [9] and 2,5-bis (4-carboxy phenoxy)-p-terphenyl [12]. 

Enanthic acid 5683 -W-(Ethoxycarbonyl)phthalimide 1734 Ethylene glycol monoallyl ether 200... 

Since the technology is still developing, the industry has not yet focused its choice on one or two leading organo-bromine compounds. Rather, many manufacturers and many users of these flame retardants report serious interest in a wide variety of structures. Those most frequently mentioned in the technical literature, in approximate order of importance, are [2, 19, 21, 22, 25, 26], as follows decabromo diphenyl oxide, ethylene bis(tetrabromo phthalimide), tetradecabromo diphe-noxy benzene, ethylene bis(dibromo norbornane dicar-boximide), octabromo diphenyl oxide, hexabromo cyclo dodecane, tetrabromo dipentaerythiitol. In Europe, the organo-bromine compounds mentioned are quite different, mostly based on ethers of tetrabromo bisphenol A and while Europeans are more concerned about possible toxicity, paradoxically they are more likely to use polybrominated biphenyls, which would be taboo in the US [2, 28]. 

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