Brom ethane

Aiken- -diester E2, 348, 364, 365, 369 Alkin- -diester E2, 345 1-Alkin- -diethylester E2, 348 l-Alkoxy-2-brom-ethan- -dialkylester XII/1, 507 1-Alkoxycarbonyl-alkan- -dialkylester XII/1,... 

Brom-3-brommethyl-pentan- -diethylester E2,38 2-Brom-l-carboxy-l-hydroxy-ethan- -dibenzylester aus Brombrenztraubensaure und Phosphorigsau-re-dibenzylester XII/2, 366 2-Brom-l,3-diphcnyl-3-oxo-propan- XII/1, 376 2-Brom-ethan- -dialkylester XII/1, 505, 508 2-Brom-ethan- -diethylester XII/1, 444... 

Sulfonat Natrium-l-brom-ethan-E14a/3, 195 (Br - S03Na)... 

Ethyl chloride, Chlor-ethane, CH3—CH2CI, and ethyl bromide, brom ethane, CH3—CH2Br, are both used as local anesthetics, the latter in dentistry. The former is a gas, boiling as 12.2°, which can be readily condensed to a liquid and is used technically in this form. Ethyl bromide is a chloroform-like liquid boiling at 38.4°. 

It should also be emphasized that when oxidation of an hydroxy compound takes place the carbon group that is oxidized is one which already contains hydroxyl. This formation of a di-hydroxy compound as an intermediate product in the oxidation of alcohol to an aldehyde may also be shown to be the probable step by the fact that acetaldehyde may be made from unsymmetrical di-brom ethane by the action of water as follows ... 

Either of the above formulas would be possible as expressing the constitution of a compound of the composition C2H4. The proof as to which of these is the true one is obtained from a study of the product formed from ethylene by the addition of two bromine atoms. When bromine acts upon ethylene the product, ethylene bromide, C2H4Br2, is found to be the same compound as one of the two isomeric di-brom ethanes which result from the substitution of two bromine.atoms for two hydrogen atoms in ethane. We have, then, the two reactions ... 

As previously discussed (p. 53), the two di-brom ethanes are represented by the following formulas ... 

In one of these compounds the two bromine atoms replace two hydrogen atoms in the same carbon group giving an unsymmetrical di-brom ethane, while in the other they replace one hydrogen atom in each of two carbon groups yielding a symmetrical di-brom ethane. 

Therefore the di-brom ethane which yields acet-aldehyde must be the one in which the two bromine atoms are linked to the same carbon atom, i.e., the unsymmetncal compound. The other compound then must have the two bromine atoms each linked to a different carbon atom, i.e., it must be the symmetrical compound. Now it is this last compound, not the first, which is obtained when ethylene reacts with bromine and adds on two bromine atoms. For this reason it is known as ethylene bromide. Our reaction between ethylene and bromine must be represented, then, as follows ... 

Therefore, in accordance with the facts, viz., (a) unsaturation and instability of ethylene, (b) The formation of ethylene from ethyl alcohol by loss of water, (c) The formation of ethylene from ethyl bromide, or iodide, by loss of hydrogen bromide, or iodide, (d) The identity of the di-brom addition product of ethylene ethylene bromide), with the symmetrical di-brom ethane and, (e) in accordance with our conceptions of carbon in its space relations and the geometric condition of such space arrangement, the structural formula for ethylene has been accepted as follows ... 

The hexa-halogen ethanes, CX3—CX3, or per-halogen ethanes, are known in both the chlorine and the bromine compounds. Per-chlor ethane, CCI3—CCI3, hexa-chlor ethane is a colorless, crystalline substance with a camphor-like odor and which melts at 184°. Per-brom ethane, CBr3—CBr3, hexa-brom ethane is also a colorless, crystalline substance. 

Halogens and Amino Group.—Mixed compounds containing both halogens and amino groups may be illustrated by the following CH2-Br—CH2—NH2, I-amino 2-brom ethane, CH3—CI2—NH2, i-amino i-di-iodo ethane, H2N—CH2—CHCl—CH2—NH2, 2-chlor, 1-3-di-amino propane. 

For the preparation of halogen acids in which the substitution is in the beta or gammapositiOYi the reaction of the unsaturated acids of the ethylene series is usually employed. As ethylene by the addition of hydro-bromic acid yields brom ethane, so in like manner, unsaturated acids of the ethylene series take up halogen acids and pass to the mono-halo-genated saturated acid,... 

Synthesis from Ethylene Bromide.—Such an acid is known as a commonly occurring substance in nature and is called succinic acid. It has the composition C4H6O4 and is plainly isomeric with methyl malonic acid. Its constitution as given above is, however, proven by the following syntheses Ethylene bromide, or symmetrical di-brom ethane, which is made by the addition of bromine to ethylene gas, yields by treatment with potassium cyanide a symmetrical di-... 

Ethane i-2-Di- brom ethane i-2-Di-cy- ano ethane i-2-Di-car-boxy ethane Succinic... 

With ethylene bromide, 1-2-di-brom ethane, two molecules of the phthalimide become linked by the ethylene group. 

Synthesis from Tetra-brom Ethane.—Anschutz showed that in the presence of aluminium chloride two molecules of benzene condense with one molecule of tetra-brom ethane and yield anthracene. The reaction may be represented as ... 

Character of Center Nucleus.—As was stated in connection with anthracene itself we can not say positively as to the character of the center nucleus in either the hydrocarbon or the quinone. In anthracene the aliphatic character of this center nucleus is indicated by its formation from an ethane residue, by the tetra-brom ethane synthesis. This does not, however, preclude the possibility of its becoming a true benzene nucleus when condensed with two benzene rings, for benzene itself may be made from aliphatic hydrocarbons, from acetylene by polymerization (p. 478), and from hexane through hexa-methylene with the loss of hydrogen after the formation of the cyclo-paraffin (p. 469). Also naphthalene, in which there is no doubt of the benzene character of the two nuclei, may have one nucleus formed from an aliphatic chain as in the syntheses given (p. 767) from phenyl butylene bromide, from phenyl vinyl acetic acid and from tetra-carboxy ethane. In the same way the facts in regard to anthraquinone do not prove... 

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