Photosynthetic Chlorella

The photosynthetic Chlorella (the green algae) has been grown on carbon dioxide mostly in the Oriental countries. Its market is largely in Japan. The estimated annual consumption is around 20,000 tons. 

Reaction of 232 with 4-substituted l,3-oxazol-5(4/7)-one 247 led to diacylhydrazines 248 or to imidazole derivatives 249 depending on the reaction temperature (Scheme 24). l,2,4-Triazole-3-thione 250 was obtained by a two-step sequence from 232 with phenyl isothiocyanate and subsequent base-catalyzed cyclization of thiosemicarbazide 251. The effects of hydrazones 241-246 on inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport in spinach chloroplasts and chlorophyll content in the antialgal suspensions of Chlorella vulgaris were investigated <2005CEC622>. 

Different cellular localization of various PolyP fractions on the basis of examination of their functions and metabolism was first proposed for Chlorella (Miyach, 1961 Miyachi and Miyachi, 1961 Miyachi and Tamiya, 1961 Kanai et al., 1963 Miyachi et al., 1964). In particular, it was shown that this alga possesses PolyP fraction A, which is a constituent of volutin granules and closely involved in nuclear metabolism, and another PolyP fraction C, which is sited adjacent to the chloroplasts and involved in photosynthetic processes. Fractions B and D appeared to be localized in other cell structures. 

R. Kanai, S. Miyachi and S. Miyachi (1963). Light-induced formation and mobilization of Polyphosphate C in Chlorella cells. In H. Tamiya (Ed.), Microalgae and Photosynthetic Bacteria, University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 613-618. 

A slow electrochromic signal, resembling the one associated with the b/c complex in photosynthetic bacteria, has also been observed in whole Chlorella cells... 

Photosynthetic CO2 fixation performance by a helical tubular photobioreactor incorporating Chlorella sp. under outdoor culture conditions... 

A schematic diagram of the cone-shaped HTP system for outdoor culture experiment is shown in Figure 1. It was constructed with a 1.1 m installation area (top diameter 120 cm) and photosynthetic production of Chlorella sp. was observed from May to November 1996. The inside surface of the cone-shaped photostage was illuminated by the solar radiation. Environmental data(Temperature of ambient, water bath and culture medium, photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD), etc.) was automatically monitored. 

Reger, B.J. and Krauss, R.W. (1970) Photosynthetic response to a shift in chlorophyll-a to chlorophyll-b ratio of chlorella. Plant Physiol., 46, 568-575. 

Growth inhibition caused in Chlorella is a result of the inhibition of photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation. It is proved by the experimental observation that... 

Duysens LNM (1954) Reversible changes in the absorption spectrum of Chlorella upon irradiation. Science 120 353-354 Duysens LNM (1989) The discovery of the two photosynthetic systems A personal account. Photosynth Res 21 61-79 Emerson R and Arnold WA (1932a). A separation ofthe reactions in photosynthesis by means of intermittent light. J Gen Physiol 15 391-420. 

Emerson R and Lewis CM (1942) The photosynthetic efficiency of phycocyanin in Chrococcus and the problem of carotenoid participation in photosynthesis. J Gen Physiol 25 579-595 Emerson R and Lewis CM (1943) The dependence of quantum yield of Chlorella photosynthesis on wavelength of light. Am J Bot 30 165-178... 

Ferredoxin glutamate synthase has been shown to be present in algae such as Chlorella fusca (Lea and Miflin, 1975b), Caulerpa simpUciuscula (McKenzie, et al., 1979), andPlatymonas striata (Edge and Ricketts, 1978). It has also been shown to occur in several species of the Bryophyta and Pteridophyta (Lee and Stewart, 1978). It would seem then that the ferredoxin glutamate synthase may be common to all photosynthetic eukaryotes and cyanobacteria. The possibility that it occurs in some photosynthetic bacteria should be considered. 

F. Drissler and R. M. MacFarlane, Enhanced Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering from Living Cells of Chlorella Pyrenoidosa, Phys. Lett. A69, 65-68 (1978) F. Drissler, Discovery of Phase Transitions in Photosynthetic Systems, 77A, 207-210 (1980). 

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