Phosphorus, storage

The containment of phossy water from phosphorus transfer and storage operations is an important control measure in the phosphorus-consuming sub-category B. Although displaced phossy water is normally shipped back to the phosphorus-producing facility, the usual practice in phosphorus storage tanks is to maintain a water blanket over the phosphorus for safety reasons. 

As a result of the research activities in the domain of biological wastewater treatment, several studies reassessed the role of bacteria in phosphorus removal in aquatic systems. The potential for phosphorus storage by general bacterial growth processes (not only by polyphosphate accumulation) has been identified in several analytical studies as an important mechanism for phosphorus retention in sediments and for... 

Periphyton is abundant in oligotrophic areas of the Everglades and is responsible for significant primary production and phosphorus storage. In these systems, periphyton productivity and tissue phosphorus concentration are strongly related to phosphorus concentration of the water column. 

Craft, C. B. and C. J. Richardson. 1993. Peat accretion, nutrient accumulation and phosphorus storage efficiency along an eutrophication gradient in the northern Everglades. Bio geochemistry 22 133-156. 

L. J. Scinto, J. C. Trexler, and R. D. Jones. 2001. Short-term changes in phosphorus storage in an oli-gotrophic Everglades wetland ecosystem receiving experimental nutrient enrichment. Biogeochemistry 59 239-267. 

Faa, G., Lisci, M., Caria, M. P., Ambu, R, Sciot, R. N., Nurchi, V. M. Silvagni, R, Diaz, A, Crisponi, G. (2001) Brain copper, iron, magnesium, zinc, calcium, sulfin and phosphorus storage in Wilson s disease. / Trace Elem Med Biol, 15, 155-160. 

The withdrawal of calcium and phosphorus storage from bone (resorption) is stimulated by the action of vitamin D. In this way, vitamin D helps to maintain the blood levels of the two minerals. 

The Ru(II)-BINAP complex,2 [Et2NH2]+[Ru2Cl5(BINAP)2]-,3 is prepared as a toluene solvate in nearly pure form by this procedure. Typical crystallized product shows no other signals in the phosphorus NMR and gives a good combustion analysis. The material is quite stable and can be routinely handled in air. Storage under nitrogen will extend its shelf life, however. 

Salts of aminoalkylidenephosphonic acids form perhydrates with hydrogen peroxide which are durable under storage [137], Another method exists for the preparation of aminoalkylidene phosphorus compounds by conversion of white phosphorus with N-hydroxymethyldialkylamine [138-140], as shown in Eq. (80). 

To be useful as CVD precursors, a metallo-organic compound should be stable at room temperature so that its storage and transfer are not a problem. It should also decompose readily at low temperature, i.e., below 500°C. The compounds listed in Table 4.1 meet these conditions with the exception of the alkyls of arsenic and phosphorus, which decompose at higher temperatures. For that reason, the hydrides of arsenic and phosphorus are often preferred as CVD precursors (see Ch. 3). These hydrides however are extremely toxic and environmental considerations may restrict their use. 

Phytic acid (inisitol hexakisphosphate) is the main storage form of phosphorus in plants. The phosphorus is not bioavailable to non-ruminants as they lack the enzymes to break it down. Novozyme has developed a commercial enzyme, phytase, that can be added to animal feed to release the phosphorus. No inorganic phosphorus needs to be added. This shift in the source of phosphorous has a large impact on the environmental footprint of pig farming. 

Dangerous materials may require special equipment. Chlorination with gaseous chlorine requires quite expensive storage facilities. Chlorination with chlorine, thionyl chloride, sulphuryl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus trichloride, or phosphorus pentachloride, all of which are fairly hazardous, requires off-gas treatment. Some of these reactants can be recycled. Pyrophoric solids such as hydrogenation catalysts, anhydrous aluminium trichloride for Friedel-Crafts reactions, or hydrides used as reducing agents should usually be handled using special facilities. Therefore, all of the above proce.sses are usually carried out in dedicated plants. 

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