Phosphorus, effect fertilizers

From the above is follows that traditional soil test, for example, moving phosphorus determination as index of its effective fertility didn t create an adequate representation of its natural fertility. 

Feedbacks may be affected directly by atmospheric CO2, as in the case of possible CO2 fertilization of terrestrial production, or indirectly through the effects of atmospheric CO2 on climate. Furthermore, feedbacks between the carbon cycle and other anthropogenically altered biogeochemical cycles (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur) may affect atmospheric CO2. If the creation or alteration of feedbacks have strong effects on the magnitudes of carbon cycle fluxes, then projections, made without consideration of these feedbacks and their potential for changing carbon cycle processes, will produce incorrect estimates of future concentrations of atmospheric CO2. 

In addition to a complete water balance, EPIC estimates plant biomass production, fertilizer use, wind and water erosion, loss of nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil, and the effect of nutrient loss from the soil on plant growth. 

Jiao Y., Bailey L.D., Grant C.A. Effects of phosphorus and zinc fertilizer on cadmium uptake and distribution in flax and durum wheat. J Sci Food Agri 2004 84 777-785. 

Parham JA, Deng SP, Raun WR, Johnson GV (2002) Long-term cattle manure application in soil. I. Effect on soil phosphorus levels, microbial biomass C, and dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities. Biol Fertil Soils 35 328-337... 

Contaminated water from the phosphate fertilizer subcategory A is collected in gypsum ponds and treated for pH adjustment and control of phosphorus and fluorides. Treatment is achieved by double liming or a two-stage neutralization procedure, in which phosphates and fluorides precipitate out [7]. The first treatment stage provides sufficient neutralization to raise the pH from 1 to 2 to a pH level of at least 8. The resultant effectiveness of the treatment depends on the... 

A.J.G. Blesa, M.A. (1988) The dissolution of magnetite by nitrilotriacetatoferrate(II). J. Chem. Soc. Earaday Trans. I. 84 9-18 Delgado, A. Torrent, J. (2000) Phosphorus forms and desorption patterns in heavily fertilized calcareous and limed acid soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64 2031-2037 Delgado, A.V. Gonzalez-Caballero, F. (1998) Inorganic particles as colloidal models. Effects of size and shape on the electrokinetics of hematite (a-Fe203). Croatica Chemica Acta 71 1087-1104... 

Simpson, K. (1962). Effects of soil-moisture tension and fertilizers on the yield, growth and phosphorus uptake of potatoes. J. Sci. FoodAgric., 13,236-248. 

Most of the world production of phosphates goes into fertilizer, but some is used as detergent builders (Section 7.7). In toothpastes, calcium pyrophosphate has proved effective as a mild abrasive in eliminating tartar, while Na2[FP03], made by reaction of NaF with cyclic sodium metaphosphates (NaP03), is widely used as a fluoridating agent to suppress dental caries (Section 12.3). A minor amount of rock phosphate is used to make elemental phosphorus by reduction with coke in the presence of silica in the electric furnace (see Section 17.7) ... 

Kanobo, I.A.K. and Gilkes, R.J. 1988. The effect of particle size in North Carolina phosphate rock on it dissolution in soil and on levels of bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus. Fertilizer Research 15 137-145. 

Englestad, O.P. Terman, G.L. (1980). Agronomic effectiveness of phosphate fertilizers. In The Role of Phosphorus in Agriculture, ed. F.E. Khasawneh etal., pp. 311-29. Madison, Wl American Society of Agronomy. 

White phosphorus is used mainly for producing phosphoric acid and other chemicals. These chemicals are used to make fertilizers, additives in foods and drinks, cleaning compounds, and other products. Small amounts of white phosphorus have been used as rat and roach poisons and in fireworks. In the past, white phosphorus was used to make matches, but another chemical with fewer harmful health effects has since replaced it. 

Phosphorus rates have ranged between 14 and 100 kg ha and potassium between 52 and 100 kg-ha Phosphorus fertilization can have a significant effect on tuber sugar content, although the requirements depend heavily on soil type and other agronomic factors (Bachmann, 1964 Kosaric et al., 1984). 

Akbarinia, A., Sefidkon, F., Chalavand, A., Sarvestani, Z.T. and Ashorabadi, E.S. (2005) Effect of nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer and manure on content and chemical composition of Trachyspermum ammi L. journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 8(1), 82-86. 

Ammonium polyphosphate is one of the most often used phosphoric fertilizers (Corbridge, 1980). It was found to be equally effective when compared with single superphosphate and diammonium phosphate for increasing the yields of wheat and maize and for increasing the available phosphorus content in soil during field experiments (Sharma and Singh, 1998). 

In conclusion, it should be noted that we live in an environment with a permanent phosphorus excess. This factor, resulting from the wide use of phosphate-containing detergents, fertilizers and food additives may have some negative effects on the environment and human health. The biochemistry of PolyPs may offer new ways for overcoming unfavourable factors caused by phosphate contamination of the environment and for controlling infections and some other diseases. 

---