Phosphates biosynthesis

Since D-fructose and D-glucose phosphates are amongst the first products of photosynthesis, and since starch (in plants) and glycogen (in animals) are converted by phosphorylase to D-glucosyl phosphate, biosynthesis of carbohydrates revolves around these ubiquitous compounds... 

Alcantara, C. Cervera, J. Rubio, V. Carbamate kinase can replace in vivo carbamoyl phosphate synthetase. Implications for the evolution of carbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis. FEBS Lett., 484, 261-264 (2000)... 

Durbecq, V., Legrain, C., Roovers, M., Pierard, A., and Glansdorff, N. (1997). The carbamate kinase-like carbamoyl phosphate synthetase of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus fa nos us. a missing link in the evolution of carbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 12803-12808. 

The non-mevalonate isopentenyl p5n o-phosphate biosynthesis pathway has attracted attention in recent years as a novel target for the design of anti-microbial inhibitors (383). At Structural GenomiX, the structures of three consecutive enzymes in this pathway have been solved. There is now a clear understanding of which pathway components may be most tractable to inhibitor discovery, which likely have least structural homology to human proteins, and even how to go about the design of pan-pathway inhibitors. 

Several different pathways can be envisioned for the conversion of DHQ into AB. One such pathway (Figure 8) has some of the same chemical features as the shikimate pathway but begins with a 4-amino analogue of DHQ The critical first step in the pathway may proceed in a manner similar to that seen in glucosamine-6-phosphate biosynthesis, in which an a-hydroxyaldehyde is converted into an a-aminoaldehyde." " It is possible that the reduction of the ketone (step 3, Figure 8) could be performed by the normal shikimate enzyme, provided it could function with the 4-amino-containing analogue. Step 4 could occur either by loss of water or by phosphorylation followed by the loss of phosphate as occurs in the shikimate pathway. The last compound in this pathway, rrtf j -4-amino-3-hydroxy-l,5-cyclohexadiene-l-carboxylic acid, has been prepared" " and we have now shown it to be a precursor to pAB. 

See also UDP-Galactose 4-Epimerase, UTP, Glucose-l-Phosphate, Biosynthesis of Glycoconjugates, De Novo Pyrimidine Nucleotide Metabolism, Biosynthesis of Glycoconjugates... 

Figure 7.9 Pyridoxal-5 -phosphate biosynthesis. In the upper part of the figure the DXP route is depicted as realized, for example, in coli. The lower part shows the R5P (DXP-independent) route of, for example, in B. subtilis.

Park, J.H. et al. (2004) Characterization of two kinases involved in thiamine pyrophosphate and pyridoxal phosphate biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine kinase and pyridoxal kinase. J. Bacterial, 186... 

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