Pheromone baits, traps containing

Table III. Capture of western pine shoot borer males by traps containing pheromone-baits of different strengths and placed in plots treated for mating disruption.

Z)-9-Tricosene [(Z)-CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)i2CH3] is the sex pheromone of the female housefly. Synthetic (Z)-9-tricosene is used as bait to lure male flies to traps that contain insecticide. Using acetylene and alcohols of your choice as starting materials, along with any necessary inorganic reagents, show how you could prepare (Z)-9-tricosene. 

Food odors are also important as attractants for traps both on their own or in combination with pheromone lures as synergists or additive attractants. Food odors can be used to improve the capture of species that do not have commercially available pheromone lures, of females that do not respond to traps with sex pheromones, and of immature stages. In a number of situations, pheromones combined with food odor are more attractive then either alone (Landolt and Phillips, 1997 Phillips et al., 1993 Trematerra and Girgenti, 1989). Food odor has an advantage over food bait packs because typically the insect is unable to develop on the chemical fraction containing the attractant in contrast to food bait packs. The effectiveness of food attractants can be diminished in environments that contain other food odors. 

Muscalure (318), a weakly attractant pheromone of the common housefly, has been registered with the EPA (in fact, it is the only registered pheromone to date) and is available in a bait (Zoecon Corp.) containing sugar, a pesticide and the attractant. Both sexes are attracted in field use (animal barns), and enhanced catches of up to sevenfold over control traps have been reported (618, 619). 

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