Phellandrene eucalyptus

The first type is representative of those eucalyptus trees whose oils contain the terpene pinene in marked quantity, cineol either not at all or only in small amount, and from which phellandrene is absent. 

He found that the d-phellandrene from elemi and bitter fennel oils were identical, and that i-phellandrene from eucalyptus oil is the laevo-rotatory variety of the same terpene. To these he assigned the names d-a-phellandrene and i-a-phellandrene. The d-phellandrene from water fennel oil differs from these and is named d-/3-phellandrene. The following are the characters of the purest specimens of natural phellandrene yet obtained —... 

This ketone occurs in eucalyptus oils derived from a particular group of trees, the leaves of which have the venation characteristic of species yielding phellandrene-bearing oils. It follows the general rule for all constituents in eucalyptus oils, increasing in amount until the... 

Unfortunately, enantiomeric purities and total percentages of a-pinene, ]3-pinene, limonene and a-terpineol from tea tree oils more or less overlap with those of Eucalyptus oils (Table 17.3). Only enantiomeric purities and total percentages of terpinen-4-ol and a-phellandrene are significantly different, when Melaleuca and Eucalyptus oils are compared with regard to authenticity assessment [45]. 

The oxide 1,8-cineole (also called eucalyptol) is often described as a skin irritant. It is a major component in Eucalyptus globulus (up to around 90%), which has GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) status. Within the oil it is attributed beneficial effects such as antiseptic and expectorant. The other components present are again the hydrocarbon terpenes a-pinene, limonene, cymene, phellandrene, terpinene and aromadendrene. 

Major components listed under a general heading for eucalyptus would be citronellal, cineole, camphene, fenchene, limonene, phellandrene and pinene. The individual species show the different proportions (amounts shown are approximate percentages) ... 

Cyclohexane monoterpenes are a chemically diverse group of monoterpenoids that occur in the plant kingdom mainly as hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, and phenols (Fig. 5). The saturated hydrocarbon trans-p-menthme (El) is a constituent of the oil of turpentine and the resin of pine (Pinaceae) trees. Its unsaturated analogs, namely (i )-(- -)-limonene (E2) [present in oil of orange (Citrus aurantium) and mandarin (Citrus reticulata, Rutaceae) peel oil] a-terpinene (E3) and terpinolene (E4) in some Citrus, Juniperus, Mentha and Pinus species (i )-(-)-a-phellandrene (E5) in Eucalyptus phellandra (Myrtaceae) and (5)-(- -)-3-phellandrene (E6) in water feimel (Phel-landrium aquaticum, Umbelliferae), are components of many plant volatile oils. The rich chemical diversity of cyclohexane monoterpene alcohols is apparent from the natural occurrence of all four pairs of / -menthan-3-ol enantiomers, for... 

Terpinenes, Phellandrene, Sylvestrene.—Other less common terpa-di-enes are the terpinenes found in cardamon oil phellandrene in fennd oil and eucalyptus oil and sylvestrene in Swedish and Russian turpentine and in pine needle oil. Sylvestrene differs from the other terpenes that have been given in that it is a derivative of meta-cymene, i-methyl 3-isopropyl benzene, and not of para-cymene. The structural formulas of the above terpa-di-enes are as follows ... 

All the stereoisomers of the 5-menthene-l,2-diols (646A-D) are naturally occurring. The first one, 646A, has been known for some time to occur in Eucalyptus dives,the three other diols were identified from the most polar fraction of Chenopodium multifldum oil. The isomer 646A can be obtained by microbial hydroxylation of (+ )-(S)-phellandrene (512) with Corynespora... 

Monocyclic monoterpene hydrocarbons occur in many essential oils and their by-products. They have relatively weak odours, although some add dryness and green notes to the oils containing them. This is particularly so for lime and petitgrain. D-Limonene (1) occurs in citrus oils whereas the L-isomer is found in pine. If limonene or other terpenes break down during processing to produce isoprene, then racemic limonene, dipentene, is found in the product as a result of the Diels-Alder reaction. Terpinolene (2) is the dehydration product of a-terpineol and so it is often present as an artefact. a-Phellandrene (3) occurs in eucalyptus oil. Since it is a 1,3-diene, it is an obvious precursor for Diels-Alder reactions and a number of speciality ingredients are... 

Oil of Eucalyptus. Dinkum oil. Volatile oil from fresh leaves otEucalyptus globulus Labi]] and of some other species of Eucalyptus, Myrtaceae. A dwarf species, called Mallee in Australia, is richest in oil of Eucalyptus. Constit 70-80% cineole (eucalyptol) a-pinene phellandrene terpin-eo] citronella gerany] acetate eudesmol eudesmyl acetate piperitone volatile aldehydes (principally isovaleric) E. Guenther, The Essential Oils vol. 4 (van Nostrand, New York, 1950) pp 437-525. 

HCPDG 2002 Leung and Foster 1996 Tyler et al. 1988). The oil must be free of other eucalyptus oils containing large amounts of phellandrene (Tyler et al. 1988). 

A volatile oil from the fresh leaves of Eucalyptus globulus labill and other species of Eucalyptus and Myrtaceae. Constitutes 70-80% cineole (aucalytol), pinene, phellandrene, terpineol, citronelal, geranyl acetate, eudesmol, eudesmyl acetate, piperitone, and volatile aldehydes. The oil is a colorless to pale yellow, mobile liquid that has a strong and very fresh, rosy citronella like odor and a sweet, balsamic floral dryout note... 

Finally, some very cheap essential oils or oil components snch as limonene, 1,8-cineole, and the pinenes are useful as industrial solvents, while phellandrene rich eucalyptus oil fractions are marketed as industrial perfumes for detergents and the like. 

Myrcene (70) is very widespread in nature. Some sources, such as hops, contain high levels and it is found in most of the common herbs and spices. All isomers of a-ocimene (84), b-ocimene (85), and alio ocimene (86) are found in essential oils, the isomers of b-ocimene (85) being the most frequently encountered. Limonene (73) is present in many essential oils, but the major occurrence is in the citrus oils that contain levels up to 90%. These oils contain the dextrorotatory (/ ) -enantiomer, and its antipode is much less common. Both a phellandrene (87) and b phellandrene (88) occur widely in essential oils. For example, ( ) a phellandrene is found in Eucalyptus dives and (5)-(-)-b-phellandrene in the lodge-pole pine, Pinus contorta. p Cymene (83) has been identi ed in many essential oils and plant extracts and thyme and oregano oils are particularly rich in it. a-Pinene (65), b-pinene (7, and 3-carene (77) are all major constituents of turpentine from a wide range of pines, spruces, and rs. The pinenes are often found in other oils, 3 carene less so. Like the pinenes, camphene (89) is widespread in nature. 

The oil obtained from Melaleuca cajuputi Powell is the natural variety. To adulterate this oil, other species like Eucalyptus ssp. or Cinnamomum camphora (1,8-cineole type) are used. Eucalyptus terpenes, a phellandrene, and a-terpineol were used for blending. Detection is done by GC/MS with the smaller components like a-selinene, a-humulene, and a-terpineol. 

Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus) oil Cineole, pinene and other terpenes, phellandrene Effective against bacteria, methane inhibition Kumar et td. (2009)... 

Wales form of Eucalyptus amygdalina is almost twice that obtained with the Tasmanian trees, and even Eucalyptus dives appears to yield a greater quantity of oil than does the Eucalyptus amygdalina of Tasmania. The oil of the Tasmanian Eucalyptus amygdalina differs from that of the New South Wales form in that it contains much less eucalyptol, has a very high laevo-rotation, contains more phellandrene, and is much less isoluble in alcohol. The odour of the oil is also much less aromatic. The oil has the followii characters —... 

It contains eucalyptol, pinene, phellandrene, and a sesquiterpene. Oil of Eucalyptus Carnba. 

It contains phellandrene and eucalyptol, as well as aromadendrene. Oil op Eucalyptus Dealbata... 

Phellandrenes Both a-phellandrene [99-83-2] (106) and 3-phellandrene [555-10-2] (107) occur widely in essential oils. (—)-a-Phellandrene can be isolated from Eucalyptus dives oil. A particularly rich source of (S)-(—)- 3-phellandrene is the lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta. (5)-(—)-(3-Phellandrene [6153-17-9] (110) is found at a level of 2% in the southeastern United States turpentine and processing the turpentine gives a fraction containing 28% (—)-(3-phellandrene and 62% (—)-limonene [5989-54-8] (111). The (—)- (3-phellandrene in the fraction can be selectively hydrochlorinated to piperityl chloride (116) as the first step in an 1-menthol synthesis, details are given below in the entry on menthol. 

Eucalyptus oil contains usually 70-85% of eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) other constituents present are mostly monoterpene hydrocarbons (a-pinene, S-limonene, -cym-ene, P-pinene, a-phellandrene, camphene, y-terpinene, etc., with the first three in major amounts), with lesser amounts of sesquiterpenes (e.g., aromadendrene, allo-aromaden-drene, globulol, epiglobulol, ledol, and viridi-fiorol), aldehydes (e.g., myrtenal), ketones (e.g., carvone and pinocarvone), and others (jiANGSu). The eucalyptol content is 61.2% and 83.9% in Brazilian and Chinese eucalyptus, respectively. 

Its principal constituent is phellandrene, but it also contains piperitone. Oil of Eucalyptus Dumosa. 

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