Phaseolus vulgaris cell suspension

Dixon R.A. and Gerrish C. Lamb C.J., Robbins M.P. Elicitor-mediated induction of chalone isomerase in Phaseolus vulgaris cell suspension cultures. Planta 1984 159 561-569. 

Young, D.H., Kohle, H., and Kauss, H. 1982. Effect of chitosan on membrane permeability of suspension cultured glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris cells. Plant Physiol. 70, 1449-1454. 

BEPS = Bean extracellular polysaccharides. Isolated from the medium of suspension-cultured true bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cells (calculated from data presented in ref. 132). 

Young, D. H., Kohle, H., Kauss, H. Effect of Chitosan on Membrane Permeability of Suspension Cultured Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris Cells. Plant Physiology. 1982,70,1449-1454. 

The induction of PAL activity at the onset of vascular differentiation can be shown by the use of plant tissue cultures (37-39). Xylem cells with secondary and lignified walls are differentiated over a time course of 3-14 days by the application of the plant growth factors naphthylene acetic acid (NAA) and kinetin in the ratio 5 1 (1.0 mg/liter NAA, 0.2 mg/liter kinetin) to tissue cultures of bean cells (Phaseolus vulgaris) (37,40). The time for differentiation varies with the type of culture, solid or suspension, and with the frequency and duration of subculture, but for any one culture it is relatively constant (37,41,42). At the time of differentiation when the xylem vessels form, the activity of PAL rises to a maximum. The rising phase of the enzyme activity was inhibited by actinomycin D and by D-2,4-(4-methyl-2,6-dinitroanilino)-N-methylpropionamide (MDMP) applied under carefully controlled conditions (42). This indicated that both transcription and translation were necessary for the response to the hormones. Experiments using an antibody for PAL and a cDNA probe for the PAL-mRNA have also shown that there is an increase in the amount of transcript for PAL during the formation of lignin when Zinnia mesophyll cells are induced to form xylem elements in culture (Lin and Northcote, unpublished work). 

Bolwell, G.P., Bell, J.N., Cramer, C.L., Schuch, W., Lamb, C.J. Dixon, R.A. (1985). L-Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from Phaseolus vulgaris characterisation and differential induction of multiple forms from elicitor-treated cell suspension cultures. European Journal of Biochemistry 149, 411-19. 

Glazener, J.A., VanEtten, H.D. Phytotoxicity of phaseollin to, and alteration of phaseollin by, cell suspension cultures of Phaseolus vulgaris. Phytopathology 1978 68 111-117. 

The ability of cell cultures from many different species of plants to produce flavonoid phytoalexins upon induction with elicitors has been of major importance in elucidation of the mechanisms and control of biosynthesis (Ellis, 1988). The amounts of mRNA for chalcone synthase and PAL in Phaseolus vulgaris suspension culture cells increase within 2 h of treatment of the cells with an elicitor made from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum cell walls. The amount of translatable mRNA for these enzymes reaches a maximum 4 h after elicitor treatment. In the case of chalcone synthase mRNA, this is probably due to in vitro transcription. In elici-tor-treated cells, 50 proteins increased and 10 decreased when compared to untreated cells (Kuhn, 1987). 

Dixon R A, Dey P M, Lawton M A, Lamb C W 1983 Phytoalexin induction in french bean. Intercellular transmission of elicitation in cell suspension cultures and hypocotyl sections of Phaseolus vulgaris. Plant Physiol 71 251 - 256... 

Liau D F, Boll W G 1972 Extracellular polysaccharide from cell suspension cultures of bush bean Phaseolus vulgaris cv contender). Canadian J Bot 50 2031... 

The composition of the neutral sugars comprising the pectins of Phaseolus vulgaris has been shown to fluctuate during the culture cycle of suspensions of cotyledon cells, whereas only small changes were observed in the monosaccharide composition of the neutral polysaccharides. The pectin from the bark of the white willow Salix alba has been partially depolymerized with acid. Neutral disaccharides [(16) and (17)] and acidic oligosaccharides [(18)—(20)] isolated from the hydrolysates were characterized by g.l.c.-m.s. of their methylated derivatives. 

The level of sulfotransferase in Lemna and in Phaseolus vulgaris is also subject to strong inhibition by gaseousH2S(Brunoldand Schmidt, 1976,1978 Wyss and Brunold, 1979). However, the extractable acti vity of cysteine synthase is not similarly affected. Removal of H2S firom the gas phase results in rapid restoration of activity which, based on a study of labeling of the enzyme (von Arb and Brunold, 1980), was attributed to synthesis ofthe enzyme de novo. HjS also inhibits the level of APS sulfotransferase in cell suspension cultures of Nicotiana sylvestris in this tissue neither the ATP-sulfiirylase or cysteine synthase activity was affected by H2S or cysteine (Brunold etal., 9Sl). Importantly, the inhibition of APS sulfotransferase by H2S was correlated with an enhanced level of cysteine, suggesting that the H2S inhibition could have been mediated via this reaction product. Uptake of exogenous sulfate was also inhibited by H2S in this system (Brunold et al., 1981). 

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