Bush beans

Hardiman R.T., Banin A., Jacoby B. The effect of soil type and degree of metal contamination upon uptake of Cd, Pb and Cu in bush beans. Plant Soil 1984b 81 3-15. 

Hardiman R.T., Jacoby B., Banin A. Factors affecting the distribution of cadmium, copper and lead and their effect upon yield and zinc content in bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Plant Soil 1984a 81 17-27. 

Santalla M, De Ron AM, Escribano MR (1994) Effect of intercropping bush bean populations with maize on agronomic traits and their implications for selection. Field Crop Res 36 185-189... 

Figure 1 Influence of prepared and unprepared semi-liquid manure of the root growth of bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) (Abele 1978).

Gibberellins have remarkable effects on many dwarf plants, such as dwarf pea, dwarf corn, and bush beans. When treated with gibberellins, these plants grow to full size. Gibberellins also affect the extent to which a plant develops side branches. 

Cd 0.01 IT1 for kale to 0.5 mg L-1 for bush beans Toxic to beans, beets and turnips at concentrations as... 

In a plant uptake study with bush bean plants maintained on tetryl-amended hydroponic cultures for exposure periods of up to 7 days, all but a small amount (3%) of tetryl was rapidly converted to polar metabolites. The majority of the tetryl metabolites (89% to 96%) were located within the root tissues. An intermediate amount of metabolites (3%-7%) was found in the stem tissues the leaf tissues contained the smallest quantity (1%-4%) (Harvey et al. 1993). 

An attempt to develop an HPLC/UV method for detecting tetryl in plant stems was unsuccessful because of binding of the compound to macromolecules in the tissue (Army 1981a). A methodology based on solvent extraction of plant tissues followed by silica gel fractionation and HPLC/UV detection was used for the determination of tetryl in plant tissues (Harvey et al. 1993). This method allowed 82.7% recovery of tetryl from fortified bush bean leaves. 

Machaerium (machaerium) Macroptilium (bush bean) Macrotyioma (macrotyloma) Marina (false prairie clover) Medicago (alfalfa)... 

Wallace, A. (1980a). Effect of excess chelating agents on micronutrient concentrations in bush beans grown in solution culture. J. Plant Nutr. 2, 163-171. 

Harvey SD, Fellows RJ, Cataldo DA, et al. 1991. Environmental chemistry Fate of the explosive hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in soil and bioaccumulation in bush bean hydroponic plants. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 10 845-855. 

In a series of studies by Cataldo et al. [64] and Harvey et al. [65], the uptake and fate of TNT was evaluated for plants grown in three types of soils (Table 10.3) amended with unlabeled and radiolabeled TNT. Plant tissues and soil were evaluated by chemical extraction and analysis methods that permitted resolution of parent TNT and more polar components. Bush bean, blando brome, and wheat shoot tissues accumulated an average of 27%, 37%, and 17% of the plant accumulated radiolabel of [14C]TNT, respectively. Plant uptake was inversely proportional to soil organic matter. Analysis of TNT and TNT-derived residues show that >80% of all accumulated and transported residues were either polar or conjugated metabolites of TNT-derived compounds [66], Table 10.4 presents the range of detectable TNT concentrations in the root and shoot sections of wheat and blando brome in the three various soil types. 

Concentration Lettuce Tomato Radish Bush Bean Soybean Corn Alfalfa... 

The second field trial tested the ability of bark extract to control weeds under field conditions with horticultural crops (bush bean, cauliflower, sweet corn, and tomato). 

Bush bean was the only crop that showed a significant increase in shoot biomass and fruit yield, compared to the non-weeded control. None of the crops, regardless of application rate, showed a level of shoot biomass or fruit yield comparable to the hand-weeded control. 

Wallace et al. (1977), in describing symptoms of titanium toxicity, reported that chlorotic and necrotic spots occurred on the leaves of bush beans containing about 200 mg Ti kg DM. Titanium levels in plants range from 0.15 to 6.5 mgkg DM, and some species of plants, including horsetail Equisetum sp.) and nettle Urtica sp.), as well as certain diatoms, can accumulate much higher levels of the element (Kabata-Pendias 2000). Various titanium compounds were shown not to be mutagenic in Bacillus subtilis (Nordman and Berlin 1986). 

Aspartate Bush bean root Asp 43 8.5 Tris Forest and... 

A number of studies have shown that natural metabolites can inhibit transamination. With a partially purified mung bean preparation which could use lysine, methionine, or aromatic amino acids as amino donors, it was found that the aliphatic substrates (e.g., lysine and methionine) inhibited the transamination of phenylalanine. The extent of this inhibition was related to their effectiveness as substrates, suggesting that they competed with phenylalanine (Gamborg, 1965). Using the highly purified but multispecific aromatic amino acid (and aspartate) aminotransferase from bush bean. Forest and Wightman (1973) demonstrated that 40 mM aspartate inhibited transamination of L-phenylalanine (40 mM) by 85%. Further experiments showed that elevated concentrations of phenylalanine reduced the inhibition by aspartate double-reciprocal plots indicated competitive inhibition. These... 

Multispecificity was demonstrated for 600-fold purified aspartate aminotransferase from bush beans which utilized either oxaloacetate or 2-oxoglutarate as the amino acceptor substrate (but not pyruvate or glyoxy-late) and could transaminate aspartate, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. Phenylalanine was utilized at about one-tenth of the rate of aspartate the other aromatic amino acids were used even less rapidly (Forest and Wightman 1972a). On the assumption that these rates cannot be accounted for by undetected contaminants, a multispecific character has thus been established for the bush bean aspartate aminotransferase. This kind of multispecificity resembles that shown for mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferases from animal tissues (though in the cytosol of animal cells, aspartate and aromatic amino acids, e.g., tyrosine, do appear to be transaminated by separate enzymes (cf. Braunstein, 1973)). 

Reaction 1 is a transamination reaction to form mercaptopyruvate. A transaminase in higher plants which will utilize cysteine or cystine as the amino donor has never been reported. In fact Forest and Wightman (1972) showed that cystine was not an amino donor to any keto acid tested with extracts of bush bean cotyledons or seedlings. It was unique in this respect in that the only other protein amino acids which acted in this manner were the two imino acids proline and hydroxyproline. 

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