Pharmacotherapy

Trigclic Antidepressants. Imipramine (38) was introduced in the late 1950s as one of the first pharmacotherapies for depression. At that time, chlorproma2ine [50-53-3] was the first effective antipsychotic treatment to be discovered. Researchers looked for similar chemical stmctures and imipramine was found to be effective in the symptomatic treatment of depression. Over the years, other congeners, such as desipramine (39), amitriptyline (40), and dothiepin (41), were synthesized and shown to be clinically efficacious antidepressant dmgs (121). These substances, known under the general mbric of tricycHc antidepressants, share a basic chemical stmcture comprising... [Pg.230]

Reduction in semm Hpids can contribute significantly to prevention of atherosclerosis. In 1985 a consensus report indicating that for every 1% reduction in semm cholesterol there is a 2% reduction in adverse effects of coronary heart disease was issued (145). Recommended semm cholesterol concentration was 200 mg/dL for individuals under 30 years of age, and individuals having concentration 240 mg/dL and LDL-cholesterol over 160 mg/dL should undertake dietary modification and possibly pharmacotherapy (146). Whereas the initial step in reducing semm cholesterol is through reduction of dietary cholesterol intake, a number of dmgs are available that can affect semm Hpid profile (see Fat substitutes). The pathway to cholesterol synthesis is shown in Figure 2. [Pg.130]

Lynch ME, Watson CP (2006) The pharmacotherapy of chronic pain a review. Pain Res Manag 11 11-38... [Pg.79]

Sood AR, Burry LD, Cheng DK (2007) Clarifying the role of rasburicase in tumor lysis syndrome. Pharmacotherapy 27 111-121... [Pg.139]

Hofbauer KG, Nicholson JR (2006) Pharmacotherapy of obesity. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 114 475-484... [Pg.161]

Chiesi M, Huppertz C, Hofbauer KG (2001) Pharmacotherapy of obesity targets and perspectives. Trends Pharmacol Sci 22(5) 247-254... [Pg.161]

In order to accomplish these diverse physiological tasks described above, nature has created at least five different types of Ca2+ channels. These are termed L-, N-, P/Q-, R-, and T-type. Although they are all structurally similar (Fig. 1) they differ with respect to their biophysical properties. Some of them need only weak depolarizations to open and inactivate fast (e.g., T-type Ca2+ channels), whereas others require strong depolarizations and inactivate more slowly (e.g. P- or L-type Ca2+ channels). Channel types also differ with respect to their sensitivity to drugs. This selectivity is exploited for pharmacotherapy. [Pg.296]

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Figure 1 Pharmacotherapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). [Pg.364]

Up to 30% of COPD patients suffer from anxiety disorder or depression, and should be treated with conventional pharmacotherapy. [Pg.365]

Sin DD, Man SEP (2006) Pharmacotherapy for mortality reduction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 3 624-629... [Pg.366]

The pharmacodynamic effects of ethanol are complex, and any attempt to link its actions to specific neurotransmitters or isolated brain regions is simplistic. A complicated neural network involved in the actions of ethanol accounts for its reinforcing, intoxicating, and abstinence effects. At the present time, use of medications that target neurotransmitters and neuromodulators affected by ethanol represents a reasonable strategy for the development of pharmacotherapies that reduce the reinforcing effects of alcohol and the craving and withdrawal symptoms that commonly occur in the context of alcohol dependence. [Pg.16]

As evidence accumulates showing that a number of medications are efficacious for the treatment of co-occurring psychopathology and/or the prevention of relapse in alcoholic patients, the therapeutic options available to physicians in treating these patients will increase. As these developments unfold, it is crucial that efforts be directed to enhancing the acceptability of pharmacotherapy to the alcoholism treatment community as a standard ingredient in alcoholism rehabilitation. [Pg.41]

Ciraulo DA, Jaffe JH Tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of depression associated with alcoholism. Clin Psychopharmacol 1 146—150, 1981 Ciraulo DA, Nace E Benzodiazepine treatment of anxiety or insomnia in substance abuse patients. Am J Addict 9 276—284, 2000 Ciraulo DA, Barnhill JG, Jaffe JH, et al Intravenous pharmacokinetics of 2-hydroxy-imipramine in alcoholics and normal controls. J StudAlcohol 51 366-372, 1990 Ciraulo DA, Knapp CM, LoCastro J, et al A benzodiazepine mood effect scale reliability and validity determined for alcohol-dependent subjects and adults with a parental history of alcoholism. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 27 339—347, 2001 Collins MA Tetrahydropapaveroline in Parkinson s disease and alcoholism a look back in honor of Merton Sandler. Neurotoxicology 25 117-120, 2004 COMBINE Study Research Group Testing combined pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions in alcohol dependence rationale and methods. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 27 1107-1122, 2003a... [Pg.43]

Dundon W, Lynch KG, Pettinati HM, et al Treatment outcomes in type A and B alcohol dependence 6 months after serotonergic pharmacotherapy. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 28 1065-1073, 2004... [Pg.44]

Iwata N, Cowley DS, Radel M, et al Relationship between a GABA alpha g Pro385Ser substitution and benzodiazepine sensitivity. Am] Psychiatry 156 1447—1449,1999 Jacobson AF, Dominguez RA, Goldstein B, et al Comparison of buspirone and diazepam in generalized anxiety disorder. Pharmacotherapy 5 290—296, 1985 Jaffe JH, Ciraulo DA, Nies A, et al Abuse potential of halazepam and diazepam in patients recently treated for acute alcohol withdrawal. Clin Pharmacol Ther 34 623-630, 1983... [Pg.46]

Litten RZ, Allen J, Fertig J Pharmacotherapies for alcohol problems a review of research with focus on developments since 1991. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 20 859— 876, 1996... [Pg.49]

Myers RD, Melchior CL Differential actions on voluntary alcohol intake of tetra-hydroisoquinolines or a beta-carboline infused chronically in the ventricle of the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 7 381-392, 1977 Naranjo CA, Sellers EM Clinical assessment and pharmacotherapy of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome, in Recent Developments in Alcoholism, Vol 4. Edited hy Galanter M. New York, Plenum, 1986... [Pg.50]

Kornick CA, Kilborn MJ, San tiago-Palma J, et al QTc interval prolongation associated with intravenous methadone. Pain 103 499-506, 2003 Krantz MJ, Lewkowiez L, Hays H, et al Torsade de pointes associated with very-high-dose methadone. Ann Intern Med 137 501-304, 2002 Krantz MJ, Kutinsky IB, Robertson AD, et al Dose-related effects of methadone on QT prolongation in a series of patients with torsade de pointes. Pharmacotherapy 23 802-805, 2003... [Pg.102]

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