Candidate region

As pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics are not mutually exclusive, but even sometimes display overlapping features, both disciplines are aimed at better tailoring medical therapy for a given complex disease such as essential hypertension or other CVD. In the wake of new technologies to identify candidate region for whatever phenotype, more robust and complex bioinformatic analyses are necessary to... 

Rademarkers, R., Cruts, M., Dermaut, B., et al. (2002) Tau negative frontal lobe dementia at 17q21 significant finemapping of the candidate region to a 4.8cM interval. Mol. Psychiatry, 7, 1064-1074. 

Giordano M, Oefner PJ, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Tosi R, Richiardi PM. Identification by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography of numerous polymorphisms in a candidate region for multiple sclerosis susceptibility. Genomics 1999 56 247-253. 

Hovatta I, Lichtermann D, Juvonen H, Suvisaari J, Terwilliger JD, et al. 1998. Linkage analysis of putative schizophrenia gene candidate regions on chromosomes 3p, 5q, 6p, 8p, 20p... 

It is important to note that CSTR/PFR/RR extensions can be applied to any convex candidate region, not just the one defined by (P2). The residence time distribution can be used to generate the convex candidates. A sequence of convex hulls can be generated until the conditions for completeness are satisfied (i.e., there are no further extensions). The synthesis flowchart shown in Fig. 4 illustrates these ideas. In the algorithm, we initially check the possibility of global optimality for (P2). If this solution is suboptimal, a more complex model can be solved to give an updated optimal solution. Thus the new or updated convex... 

Vorstman JAS, Staal WG, van Daale E, van Engeland H, Hochstenbach PER, Eranke L (2006) Identification of novel autism candidate regions through analysis of reported cytogenetic abnormalities associated with autism. Mol Psychiatry 11 18-28. 

Site directed mutagenesis studies on CNTF allowed to identify candidate regions for the interaetion of CNTF on helix A with gpl30 and on the N-terminus of helix D with LIFRp (Di Mareo et al., 1996). 

A definite methodology to find the Attainable Region for given fundamental processes is not available. A trial and error procedure is necessary. However, the AR technique is supported by a powerful test procedure. The candidate region must respect the following necessary conditions, as demonstrated by the works of Glasser, Hildebrand (1997) ... 

The third condition can help to extend a candidate region that might fulfil the first two conditions. The stationary point with mixing is in fact a CSTR. If such point can be found outside the candidate region, this means that the Attainable Region has not been yet found, and an extension is possible. This condition can be satisfied if the system feed and maximum rate reactors (both absolute and relative) have been considered. 

From these assumptions, it is evident that expressing T as a linear combination of Tj and T2 only occurs under extraordinary constraints. It is therefore unlikely that temperature may be mixed in the same manner as concentration or residence time for the purpose of AR constructions. The construction of candidate regions using temperature are generally not considered with temperature on a dedicated axis, such as with concentration and residence time. The role... 

Property 6 All rate vectors evaluated on the boundary of the AR must either point into the current candidate region, or be tangent to the boundary. 

The rays associated with points 1 and 2 touch the candidate region at points x and y, and are thus achievable by a CSTR. (Point x is the feed concentration to a CSTR that achieves point 2, and point y is the feed concentration to a CSTR that achieves point 1.) Note that the ray associated with point 3 does not intersect the candidate region, and as a result it is not directly achievable by a CSTR. 

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