Pollution hot spot

Ecotoxicological studies appear to be the most informative and cost-effective tools for the identification of pollution hot spots. 

Broughton RK, Osborn D, Shore RF, Wienburg CL, Wadsworth RA. 2003. Identifying pollution hot spots from polychlorinated biphenyl residues in birds of prey. Environ Toxicol Chem 22 2519-2524. 

Clouds of pollution are encountered when crossing major intersections, passing through tunnels, and when following vehicles without catalytic converters, such as old buses or cars. Such pollution hot spots have high concentrations of CO and/ or NOx, which can be 100-1000 times the ambient levels. 

For the given purpose, namely to detect anomalies and to trace typical sources of pollution ( hot spots ), the standard scheme, from sampling , sample preparation (with particular emphasis on grain size correction), chemical analysis (use of dry... 

Note The souree for the above risk values is Table III-7, Preliminary Caneer Poteuey Values for Uie Air Toxies Hot Spots aet, found in California Air Pollution Control Offieers Assoeiation, Air Toxics Hot Spots Program, Revised 1192 Risk Assessment Guidelines," page III-28, published Oetober 1993. 

Finally, it should be mentioned that three out of the eight Spanish chlor-alkali plants operating with the mercury process are located in the Ebro River basin in the cities of Sabinanigo and Monzon - along the tributaries Gallego and Cinca Rivers, respectively - and Flix along the Ebro River (Fig. 1). Indeed, mercury emissions from the Hix and Monzon have already been reported [28]. Therefore, the mid-low Ebro River watershed might be considered as a hot spot of aquatic pollution of mercury in Spain. 

Metal profiles for two sediment cores from the Elizabeth River, VA, USA. Land use along the shores adjacent to collection site PC-1 (Paradise Creek) is primarily industrial and includes oil terminals, shipyard installations, coal transfer facilities, petroleum distribution and shipment operations, and wood treatment facilities. It has been identified as a toxic hot spot by the U.S. EPA. Land-use adjacent to WB-2 (Western Branch) is primarily residential. Excess lopb and profiles for (a) PC-1 and (b) WB-2 profiles. These were used to determine accumulation rates (1.1 to 2.3cm/y at PC-1 and <0.5cm/y at WB-2). Trace metal enrichment factor profiles (see Eq. 28.1 in text) are presented in profiles (c-g) in groups determined by the depth and shape of their concentration peaks. Source From Conrad, C. R, et al. (2007). Marine Pollution Bulletin 54, 385-395. 

Cleuvers M. (2(X)5). Aquatic Ecotoxicity of Pharmaceuticals Including the Assessment of Combination Effects. In Dietrich D.R., S.F. Webb, and T. Petry (Eds.). Hot Spot Pollutants Pharmaceuticals in the Environment. Elsevier, New York, pp. 189-202. 

Each site type matches a certain need of spatial representativeness. For example, sites located to determine local hot-spots are at places where the highest concentrations are expected and will mostly be microscale monitoring sites, while those measuring air pollution impacts on visibility and vegetation damage have to be representative over regional to national scale. 

Hot-spot monitoring Publicly accessible areas in urban environments where highest concentrations of a pollutant are to be expected, including areas influenced by traffic or industrial emissions,... 

PEEP index mapping of major waterways and their associated tributaries (employing highly sensitive bioassays) to identify environmental hot spots and pollution sources. 

---