Petroleum treatment alkylation

Thus -alkanes (C10-C14) separated from the kerosene fraction of petroleum (by urea complexation or absorption with molecular sieves) are now used as one source of the alkyl group. Chlorination takes place anywhere along the chain at any secondary carbon. Friedel-Crafts alkylation followed by sulfonation and caustic treatment gives a more linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) which is soft or biodegradable. The chlorination process is now the source of about 40% of the alkyl group used for the manufacture of LAS detergent. 

Coal liquefaction Fischer-Tropsch synthesis Synthesis of methanol Hydrogenation of oils Alkylation of methanol and benzene Polymerization of olefins Hydrogenation of coal oils, heavy oil fractions, and unsaturated fatty acids Adsorption of S02 in an aqueous slurry of magnesium oxide and calcium carbonate S02 or removal from tail gas Wet oxidation of waste sludge Catalytic desulfurization of petroleum fractions Wastewater treatment... 

The enantioselective complexation technique can also be applied as one step in the reaction sequence, providing chiral substrates for the next step. We will now discuss the example of Gabriel synthesis between potassium phthalimide 41 and alkyl bromide 42, which leads to optically active amines (Scheme 1) [51], Instead of the complicated preparation of chiral alkyl bromides (halides), imides (43), which are reaction intermediates, have been resolved. Upon treatment with hydrazine and KOH, these gave optically active amines. The chiral host (S,S)-(-)-6 or the chiral biaryl host (,S>(-j-40 was used for the effective resolution of the intermediates 43. Racemic mixtures 43a-d were resolved by complex formation with the host (S,S)-(-)-6 in a mixture of diethyl ether and light petroleum. 

Allylic alcohols may be derived from alkenes by metallation to give the allylpotassium species, followed by treatment with fluorodimethoxyborane. Oxidation of the resultant boronic ester with hydrogen peroxide gives the allylic alcohol (Scheme 15). ° - ° Some allylic rearrangement may be observed for example, metallation of a-pinene with potassium r-butoxide in petroleum ether solution and subsequent boration and oxidation gave myrtenol (42%) and /rons-pinocarveol (1%) (equation 24), while treatment of the allylpotassium with oxirane gave the alkylated prc ucts in a ratio of ca. 2 1. ° ... 

Sodium myristyl sulfate Sodium petroleum sulfonate TEA-lauryl sulfate Undeceth-8 surfactant, leather auxiliaries Lauryl phosphate surfactant, leather treatment Lecithin PEG-10 stearate surfactant, leather working Nonyl nonoxynol-1.5 Nonyl nonoxynol-2 surfactant, light duty detergents Ammonium laureth sulfate surfactant, liniments Sodium C12-18 alkyl sulfate surfactant, lip care Diisostearyl malate surfactant, liposoluble vitamins PEG-33 hydrogenated castor oil surfactant, lipsticks Myreth-3 myristate surfactant, liq. cleaners heavy-duty Sodium cocoamphoacetate... 

PETROLEUM PITCH is a residue from heat treatment and distillation of petroleum fractions. It is a solid at room temperature, consists of a complex mixture of numerous, predominantly aromatic and alkyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, and exhibits a broad softening range instead of a defined melting temperature. 

Prior to 1965, alkylbenzene production was synthesized from petroleum tetrapropylene reacted with an aluminium chloride or hydrogen fluoride catalyst and benzene. The resultant alkylate was a hard branched-chain compound that was considered slowly biodegradable. A straight-chain alkylate, termed LAB (linear alkylbenzene), has been produced since 1965 in the United States. Extensive research has demonstrated biodegradation effectiveness in sewage treatment plants in excess of 95 percent. ... 

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