Alkyl chiral

Diallyldialkylstannanes with chiral alkyl substituents on the tin, show variable asymmetric induction in their Lewis acid catalyzed reactions with aldehydes. Using bis-(/f)-2-phenylbutyl-(di-2-propenyl)stannane, enantiomeric excesses of up to 54% were obtained via attack on the / e-face of the aldehyde96. 

The Andersen sulphoxide synthesis is general in scope and a large number of chiral alkyl aryl and diaryl sulphoxides became available from (—)-(S)-276 and other optically active sulphinates343-346 (Table 16). 

Analogously, optically active (—-)-methylneophylphenyl-(phenylethynyl)tin, (-—)-(11) has teen obtained by the reaction of methylneophylphenyltin chloride (3) with the corresponding chiral alkylating agent Ph—C=C—Al(0-3,5-Me2Ph)2(0- —)-CHPhCHMeNMe2) 4146). 

In the case of 67g which has a chiral alkyl group, optically pure 67g was included at the complexation process with 2a, and (—)-67g of 100% ee [[a]D —66.8° (c 0.22, CHClj)] was obtained. Irradiation of the 1 1 inclusion complex of 2a and (—)-67g of 100% ee gave 69g of 100% ee which has three optically pure chiral centers 40). This is not the result of a chiral induction by the optically active alkyl group, since irradiation of 67g of 100% ee in benzene gave 69g of only 12% de (diastereomeric excess). 

Advances in the use of anionic stereogenic phosphorus have been interesting. Acylation of lithium o-anisylphenylphosphide with chloro-formates bearing chiral alkyl groups provided a diastereomeric mixture that could be induced to undergo an inversion at phosphorus (at relatively low temperature) to form the more favorable diastereoisomer in a crystalline lattice.186 Subsequent conversion to the quaternary phos-phonium species was followed by removal of the acyl group and isolation of the chiral tertiary phosphine as the borane derivative (Equation 3.10). 

Figure 4.28 Plot of CD intensities of poly -hexyl(j -/ -propoxyphenyl)silane (41) aggregates in toluene/series of (S)-primary chiral alkyl alcohols/methanol mixtures at 20°C. [For comparison, CD intensity with (A)-2-butanol is inserted.].

Phthalocyanines provided with crown ethers and chiral alkyl side chains (64) have also been reported to self-assemble in nonpolar solvents.77 These molecules form helical columns as could be deduced from the presence of a Cotton effect upon aggregation. To investigate the expression of chirality at the mesoscopic level, sergeants-and-soldiers experiments75 were performed. Chiral phthalocyanine molecules 64 were used as the sergeants and achiral... 

Optically active dialkyl sulfoxides of high optical purity (>95%), which could not be prepared from menthyl alkanesulfmates, have been synthesized by Johnson et al. (93) via reaction of chiral alkyl aryl sulfoxides with alkyllithium reagents. The exchange of the... 

Figure 1. Asymmetric alkylations with chiral alkylating reagents.

Initial experiments with the preferred catalyst and alkylating agent (Table I) demonstrated some unusual behavior of the chiral alkylation a) at constant catalyst concentration the ee will... 

Reaction between acetonitrile and the radical-cations of secondary alkyl halides is almost entirely S l in character. Both direct substitution and 1,2-hydride shift reactions occur and the products from a chiral alkyl halide such as 2-iodooctane, are almost totally racemised [25]. 

Schollkopf and colleagues have reported that the rearrangement of the enantiopure forms of a-chiral alkyl benzyl ethers 8 followed by oxidation affords ketone 9 of the predominantly retained configuration at the migrating carbon in 20% ee (R = H) and ee (R = Ph) (equation 7)". 

For stereoselective synthesis of a-aminocarbonyl compounds using 0-phosphinyl-hydroxylamines, a few procedures have been developed. Attempted amination of enolates of chiral alkyl 3-hydroxybutanoates with 0-(diphenylphosphinyl)hydroxylamine 4a or with its A,A-diisopropyl derivative 4d were found to be unsuccessful". ... 

Although the first attempts at asymmetric azomethine ylide cycloadditions were reported by Padwa s group (92), the acyclic azomethine ylides chosen, bearing an a-chiral alkyl substituent on the nitrogen, showed poor diastereoselectivities (93,94). When the chiral center is fixed in a cyclic structure (95) or when chirality is introduced in an intramolecular cycloaddition system (96-98), high selectivities have been accomplished. There are only a few examples known of asymmetric cycloadditions of achiral azomethine ylides to chiral dipolarophiles where cyclic azomethine ylides (99,100) or cyclic chiral dipolarophiles (94) were used. 

S)-a-Methylbcn/,enepropanoic Acid (2, R1 = CH, Rz = Bn) Typical Procedure for the Hydrolysis of Chiral Alkylated /rajrs-l-Acyi-2,5-bis(alkoxyinethyl)pyrrolidines l7-13 ... 

As noted, direct acid- or base-catalyzed hydrolysis of the acyl C-N bond in the chiral alkylated 3-acyl-2-oxazolidinones is usually not practical. This is because it is often very slow and/or results in undesired side reactions such as cleavage of the oxazolidinone ring (there are, however, useful exceptions6 31-41). 

The selenonium and sulfonium salts act as chiral alkylating agents for carbon nucleophiles under weakly basic conditions which avoid any ylide formation from the salt. When 2-methoxycarbonyl-l-oxoindane is treated with an (.S )-etliyl(methyl)phenylselenoniurn perchlorate, the (S)-2-methyl and (i )-2-ethyl derivatives are obtained with a low enantiomeric excess (Table 1). Reac-... 

This reaction can furthermore be applied on chiral aminals, affording a straightforward route to optically pure frawi-2,5-pyrrolidines or chiral alkyl-substituted 1,3-oxazoUdines. This method was used for the en an tio selective synthesis of substituted piperidines . 

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