Petroleum oils oxidation

Noel, F., Cranton, G. E. Application of Scanning Calorimetry to Petroleum Oil Oxidation Studies. 3rd. Analytical Calorimetry Conference, Vol. 3, p. 305-320. Plenum Press, New York 1974. 

The base lubricant is usually a petroleum oil while the thickener usually consists of a soap or soap mixture. In addition they may contain small amounts of free alkali, free fatty acid, glycerine, anti-oxidant, extreme-pressure agent, graphite or molybdenum disulphide. 

Ester fluids are modified with additives in much the same manner as petroleum oils. They are stabili2ed with an oxidation inhibitor, eg, 0.5 wt % phenothia2ine. Improved load capacity for gears and rolling bearings in aircraft engines is provided by 1—5% tricresyl phosphate. Zinc... 

Pitt Consol 500 aryl disulfides in petroleum oil peptizer shortens devulcan-izing time by oxidizing mbber bonds... 

Resin cured butyl (HR) Acids Lyes Strong alkahes Strong phosphoric acid Dilute mineral acids Ketones Amines Water Fats and fatty acids Petroleum oils Chlorinated hydrocarbons Liquids with dissolved chlorine Mineral oil Oxygen rich demin. water Strong oxidants... 

Treating petroleum oils with 3-5% calcium alkyl salicylate and 0.5-3% triethanolamine salts of phosphoric acid esters and ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol increases oxidation-thermal stability at 180-200°C in the manufacture of oil for metal parts quenching. The agent provides also short-term anticorrosion protection of the hardened articles [261]. Phosphoric acid salt alkyl esters are used in anticorrosives and aqueous dispersions in waterborne polyester coatings for metals [244]. 

Arsenic, phosphorus, fluorides, petroleum oils, calcium oxide and hydroxide, phenols... 

PT1 A complex mixt based on "goop , a paste comprised of magnesium oxide, and carbon with.a sufficient amt of petroleum distillate to form the paste. The following formula has been adopted as an oil metal incendiary mix Type C "goop 49> IM polymer AE 3 coarse Mg 10, petroleum oil extract 3, gasoline 30 NaNC>3 5% [Ref TM 3-215/AFM 355-7 (Dec 1963), P 43]... 

Improved methods of chemical treatment and solvent extraction of petroleum oils remove aromatic hydrocarbon molecules which oxidize readily to form sludge and which have high temperature coefficients of viscosity (low viscosity index). Such treatments have a secondary beneficial effect because oils so treated are more susceptible to further improvement by antioxidants and detergents. 

Chemically, creosote is a mixture of a great number of compounds, almost exclusively of cyclic structure. Individual compounds present in creosote in concentrations of 2-4% are acenaphthene, fluorene, diphenylene oxide, anthracene, and carbazole. Only one compound, phenanthrene, is present in a larger concentration (12-14%). For many years, chemists in many countries have tried tu isolate individual compounds and to find profitable uses for them. Most of these attempts have failed with exception of those involving anthracene. See also Anthracene. The principal use of creosote is for preservation of wood. Railroad lies, poles, fence posts, marine pilings, and lumber for outdoor use are impregnated with creosote in large cylindrical vessels. If properly treated, the life of the wood is greatly extended. Materials that are competitive with creosote for wood-preservation purposes include various petroleum oils, and pentachlorophenol. Pentachlorophenol is used in solutions of creosote or of petroleum oils. Blends of creosote with petroleum oils also are used for economic reasons. 

Acrylates. Polymethylmethacrylate (Lucite, Plexiglas, Perspex) is easily machined and is widely used with dilute aqueous solutions. Acrylates are resistant to nonoxidizing acids and weak alkalies, but are attacked by concentrated oxidizing acids and strong alkalies. They will withstand petroleum oils and most alcohols, but are generally unsuitable for use in contact with organic solvents. They are dissolved by ketones, esters, and aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons. They are thermoplastic and cannot be used continuously above 75 °C. The acrylates are perfectly clear and transparent and often are used to make shields or inert atmosphere enclosures. The materials bum slowly when ignited. 

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