Pests container plants

Brown P D and Morra M J (1997), Control of soil-bome plant pests using glucosinolate-containing plants , Adv Agronomy, 61, 167-231. 

Brown, P.D., Morra, M.J. Control of soilbome plant pests using glucosinolate-containing plants. Adv in Agron 1997 61 167-231. 

The InstitutionalBiosafety Committee shall include at least one individual with expertise in plant, plant pathogen, or plant pest containment principles when experiments utilizing Appendix... 

Fluoroacetic acid [144-49-OJ, FCH2COOH, is noted for its high, toxicity to animals, including humans. It is sold in the form of its sodium salt as a rodenticide and general mammalian pest control agent. The acid has mp, 33°C bp, 165°C heat of combustion, —715.8 kJ/mol( —171.08 kcal/mol) (1) enthalpy of vaporization, 83.89 kJ /mol (20.05 kcal/mol) (2). Some thermodynamic and transport properties of its aqueous solutions have been pubHshed (3), as has the molecular stmcture of the acid as deterrnined by microwave spectroscopy (4). Although first prepared in 1896 (5), its unusual toxicity was not pubhshed until 50 years later (6). The acid is the toxic constituent of a South African plant Dichapetalum i mosum better known as gifirlaar (7). At least 24 other poisonous plant species are known to contain it (8). 

The discovery that, in industrialised societies, diets deficient in fruits and vegetables can effectively double the risk of developing many different types of cancer has focused renewed attention on the beneficial properties of these foods (Block e/a/., 1992 Patterson ef a/., 1990 Southon and Faulks, 2002). As we have seen, plant foods are rich in micronutrients, but they also contain an immense variety of biologically active secondary metabolites providing colour, flavour and natural toxicity to pests and sometimes humans (Johnson et ah, 1994). The chemistry and classification of such substances is still a matter for much research and debate, but this has not prevented attempts to isolate and exploit substances that have variously been termed protective factors , phytoprotectants , phytochemicals and nutraceuticals . Phytochemical compounds include ... 

Major steps included, for example, plant production, transport, processing and retail. Each major step was subdivided into activities called substeps , which were defined in common categories. For example, the major step transport from processor to retailer could contain substeps in the following categories certification/inspection management labour packaging/labelling equipment pest control contact to supplier/customer. 

This compound has been prepared by Schrader2 and by Pest Control, Ltd.3 Its translocation in the plant has been studied4 using the compound containing radioactive phosphorus.5 Compound (XX) is further discussed on p. 172. 

Systemic insecticides are superior to contact insecticides in many ways. On account of their absorption and transfer in the plant they can deal with insects which might normally remain hidden or protected from the direct spray of a contact insecticide. Many systemic insecticides are specific to certain pests. For example, owing to the insecticide being contained within the plant, parasitic non-phytophagous insects are less likely than the pests to absorb the insecticide. And so ecological selectivity1 comes into play. 

Raising seedlings in pots and trays allows plants to be started earlier than might be possible outdoors, and helps keep them safe from pests. It is particularly appropriate for the more tender plants, but can be useful for hardy plants, too. Seedlings can be growing in their containers while the ground where they are finally to be planted is still occupied by other plants. 

Black currants are generally sold as one-year-old plants, grown in containers. Seek out those cultivars that are resistant to some of the pests and diseases of black currants. They are best planted in early winter or, if that is not possible, early in spring. 

Some pests, diseases, and disorders, and the techniques and materials listed here for prevention and control, are given fuller descriptions, and often pictured, in the chapter on Plant Health (pp.82-103) including mineral (nutrient) deficiencies, biological controls, traps and barriers, and "organic" fungicides and pesticides. Chapter 2, The Soil, contains more information on soil nutrient content and soil chemistry and pH pp.30-33). 

Lastly, always follow the label. Any material sold as a crop protection chemical in the United States must be registered with the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) and labeled. The label must be followed. Failure to do so is illegal and can be dangerous. Labels list time and rate of application and the vegetables and pests on which the product can be used. They also contain other information, such as safety precautions. Always read the label and use the chemical only where and how it is permitted. It is possible to cause severe environmental or bodily injury if agricrrltural chemicals are misused. In no case does the Agricultirral Extension Service recommend the use of any plant protection substance in a marmer inconsistent with its label. 

---