Pesticides future trends

Some recent developments and future trends in international regulation of chemical contaminants in food are discussed in section 12.5. It is attempted to foresee some issues that could be of interest and concern for food scientists and legislators dealing with contaminants in food in the early part of the new millennium. Certainly, persistent organic pollutants, many of which are chlorinated hydrocarbons, and some of which have been used in the past and in fact may still be used in parts of the world as pesticides, will be among those issues of justified concern. 

There are several future trends for the development of passive sampling techniques. The first is the development of devices that can be used to monitor emerging environmental pollutants. Recently, attention has shifted from hydrophobic persistent organic pollutants to compounds with a medium-to-high polarity, for example, polar pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products.82 147148 Novel materials will need to be tested as selective receiving phases (e.g., ionic liquids, molecularly imprinted polymers, and immunoadsorbents), together with membrane materials that permit the selective diffusion of these chemicals. The sample extraction and preconcentration methods used for these devices will need to be compatible with LC-MS analytical techniques. 

Chapter 1 discusses the market for pesticides. It reviews the current market status and its future trends. 

Although the predominant source of arsenic and metals to most soils and sediments in New England is sulfide-rich rock, the extensive application of arsenical pesticides and herbicides (lead arsenate, calcium arsenate, and sodium arsenate, and others) on apple, blueberry, and potato fields may have been a possible anthropogenic source of arsenic and lead. The main objective of this study was to determine the lead isotopic compositions of commonly used pesticides, such as lead arsenate, sodium metarsenite, and calcium arsenate, in order to assist in future isotopic comparisons and to better characterize this anthropogenic source of Pb. The pesticides plot along a linear trend in isotope diagrams, for example, in values of... 

Although industrial interest in the synthesis of acetonitrile directly from C2 hydrocarbons is currently limited, with acetonitrile being mainly produced as a byproduct in acrylonitrile production, there are a number of indications regarding the future need of direct production of acetonitrile by C2 hydrocarbon (ethane, in particular) ammoxidation. In fact, acetonitrile is used as a solvent and also as an intermediate in the production of many chemicals, ranging from pesticides to perfumes. Production trends for acetonitrile generally follow those of acrylonitrile, but the growth rate for acetonitrile use is higher than that of acrylonitrile. The four... 

The thematic treatment in this book differs somewhat from that of other works on this subject, and thus may serve as a supplement to other books. Our object was not to write an encyclopedic work on pesticides and their characteristics. Rather, we discuss mainly those active substances in pesticides which are of practical significance, may be of possible future importance, or represent research results and interesting trends. With regard to the latter, compounds are also discussed which are not on the market but represent promising new types. Ample space has been devoted to alternative methods of plant protection, e.g., insect growth regulators, sterilants and pheromones, which show promise for control of insect pests. 

WG formulations are becoming more popular as pesticide formulations. The VOC issue is circumvented, since no solvents are used. The newer highly active AIs are often formulated as WGs. This trend is expected to continue in the future. 

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