Pesticides, arsenal

A waste is toxic under 40 CFR Part 261 if the extract from a sample of the waste exceeds specified limits for any one of eight elements and five pesticides (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, silver, endrin, methoxychlor, toxaphene, 2,4-D and 2,4,5-TP Silvex using extraction procedure (EP) toxicity test methods. Note that this narrow definition of toxicity relates to whether a waste is defined as hazardous for regulatory purposes in the context of this chapter, toxicity has a broader meaning because most deep-well-injected wastes have properties that can be toxic to living organisms. 

Agricultural disinfectants Agricultural pesticides Arsenates calcium, copper, and lead-formulated Arsenites, formulated Bordeaux mixture Calcium arsenate and arsenite, formulated Cattle dips... 

Chlorinated phenols Chlorinated pesticides Arsenic Chromium(vi)... 

The pesticide arsenal remained true to its humble origins until the twentieth century. Occasionally, botanicals or other mineral complexes would arrive on the agricultural scene and enter into use as pesticides however for the most part, their arrival was more by happenstance than by any specific, concerted effort. As an example, tobacco, a botanical from North America, was introduced to Europe... 

Miscellaneous. Both whiting and hydrated lime are used as diluents and carriers of pesticides, such as lime—sulfur sprays, Bordeaux, calcium arsenate, etc. The most widely used bleach and sterilizer, high test calcium hypochlorite, is made by interacting lime and chlorine (see Bleaching AGENTS). Calcium and magnesium salts, such as dicalcium phosphate, magnesium chloride, lithium salts, etc, are made directly from calcific and dolomitic lime and limestone. 

Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, mercury, tin, zinc Organochlorine pesticides... 

ARSENICAL PESTICIDE, FLAMMABLE LIQUID, n.o.s., flash point 2760 ... 

Many very hazardous solvents, such as benzene and carbon tetrachloride, were widely used until the 1970s. The situation was very similar for the use of pesticides. Among the toxic pesticides that were still in wide use 20 years ago were chlorophenols, DDT, lindane, and arsenic salts, all of which are classified as human carcinogens as well as being acutely toxic. Fortunately, use of these kinds of very toxic chemicals is now limited in the industrialized world. However, because the number of chemicals used in various industries continues to increase, the risks of long-term health hazards due to long-term exposure to low concentrations of chemicals continues to be a problem in the workplace. 

Present address Entomological Sciences and Pesticide Division, U.S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency, Edgewood Arsenal, Md. 21010. 

Arsenic G S P A Arsine Arsenous acid and salts Pigment and dye Pesticide and herbicide production Metallurgical processing of other metals Glass and ceramics industries Tanneries... 

Arsenous acid and salts Pesticide and herbicide production Metallurgical processing of... 

During the 1960s, Americans lived in a lead-drenched society. They fueled their cars with leaded, antiknock gasoline. They ate food and their babies drank milk from lead-soldered cans. They stored drinking water in lead-lined tanks and transported it through lead or lead-soldered pipes. They squeezed toothpaste from lead-lined tubes and poured wine from bottles sealed with lead-covered corks. They picked fruit sprayed with lead arsenate pesticide and served it on lead-glazed dishes in houses painted and puttied with lead-based compounds. 

James Whorton. Before Silent Spring Pesticides and Public Health in Pre-DDT America. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press, 1974. Source for lead arsenate insecticide and Terres article. 

Organic pollutants Pesticides Metals Antimony Arsenic Asbestos Beryllium Cadmium Chromium Copper Cyanide Lead Mercury Nickel Selenium Silver Thallium Zinc... 

Arsenically treated wood. Discarded arsenically treated wood or wood products that are hazardous only because they exhibit certain toxic characteristics (e.g., contain harmful concentrations of metal or pesticide constituents), are excluded from the definition of hazardous waste. Once such treated wood is used, it may be disposed of by the user (commercial or residential) without being subject to hazardous waste regulation. This exclusion is based on the fact that the use of such wood products on the land is similar to the common disposal method, which is landfilling. This exclusion applies only to end-users and not to manufacturers. 

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