Peruvian coca

Truxillines, CggH4jOgN2. In 1887 Hesse isolated from Peruvian coca leaves an amorphous alkaloid which he named cocamine a year later Liebermann examined this material, and by fractioimtion of its solutions by addition of petroleum proved it to be a mixture of at least two isomeric bases, which he named a- and jS-truxillines. The pure alkaloids have not been obtained from coca leaves owing to the difficulty of separating them, but each has been prepared synthetically. ... 

Tropacocaine (Benzoyl-ili-tropeine), CuHj gOgN, was discovered by Giesel in Java coca leaves and has since been found in Peruvian coca. Its preparation from the former source has been described by Hara and Sakamoto, It crystallises in needles, m.p. 49°, is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol, ether or dilute ammonia and is generally prepared by benzoylating /t-tropine, and purified as the hydrochloride. Its alcoholic solution is alkaline and optically inactive. The hydrochloride forms needles, m.p. 271° (dec.), and the hydrobromide leaflets. The aurichloride separates in minute yellow needles, m.p. 208°, from hot aqueous solutions the picrate has m.p. 238-9°. When heated with hydrochloric acid or baryta water the alkaloid is hydrolysed to benzoic acid and -tropine. ... 

The Peruvian coca leaves, because of their richness, are commonly used in the extraction process as described in 1 or 2. When the dried coca leaves have a low cocaine content, the ecgonine process is preferred. Normally, it takes approximately 100 pounds of dried leaves to produce one pound of cocaine. 

Dihydrocuscohygrine (7) has been isolated from Peruvian coca leaves.10... 

Springfield, A. C., CartmeU, L. W., Aufderheide, A. C., Buikstra, J., and Ho, J., Cocaine and metabolites in the hair of ancient Peruvian coca leaf chewers. Forensic Sci. Int., 63, 269, 1993. Baumgartner, W. A. and HiU, V. A., Sample preparation techniques. Forensic Sci. Int., 63,121,1993. Nakahara, Y. and Kikura, R., Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. VII. The incorporation rates of cocaine, benzoylecgonine cmd ecgonine methyl ester into rat hair and hydrolysis of cocaine in rat hair. Arch. Toxicol, 68, 54,1994. 

Mariani wine, containing an extract ol Peruvian coca leaves, was made in Paris in the late 18U0s and became the most popular medical prescription in the world, used by kings, queens, leaders of society, and at least one pope. (From the Vin Mariani Album of 1901, Beneficial Plant Research Association Reprint Edition, 1981 courtesy of Fitz Hugh Ludlow Memorial Libraryl... 

Tropacocaine was discovered in Java coca leaves (Giesel, Ber. 1891, 24, 2336) and has since been found to be present in Peruvian coca (Hesse, J. prakt. Chem. 1902, 66, 401). Its isolation from crude cocaine is a matter of difficulty hence it is technically prepared from tropine. Tropine is boiled with sodium amyloxide in amyl alcohol, prepared by dissolving sodium in dry amyl alcohol. By this treatment it is converted, to a large extent, into its stereoisomeride, /-tropine (Willstater, Ber. 29, 936). 

The consumption of Peruvian coca tea, which is not legally imported into the United States, may result in a positive urine test for benzoylecgonine. ... 

GAS CHROMATOGRAM OF ILLICIT PERUVIAN COCA PASTE AFTER SILYL TREATMENT15 Eicosane used as an internal standard. 

Two more acyl derivatives of Z-ecgonine methyl ester have been isolated from Java and Peruvian coca leaves (104). The mixture of these two, at first known as cocamine, is present to the extent of 0.6% in these leaves. Hydrolysis (HCl) of cocamine gave methanol, f-ecgonine, and a separable... 

Outside the Solanaceae, tropane alkaloids occur in two other plant families. Within the Erythroxylaceae, the genus Erythroxylum comprises about 200 widely distributed, tropical species found mainly in South America and Madagascar. Peruvian coca Erythroxylum coca) is the only plant currently cultivated for cocaine production, which occurs at concentrations between 0.2% and 1% (w/w) in the leaves (Griffin and Lin 2000) (Figure 4.5). A few other Erythroxylum species also produce cocaine, including Trujillo coca E. novogranatense... 

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