Peril

Japanese industrial success owes much to Japanese management techniques, which we in the West neglect at our peril. The lessons are set out in this important book. 

The MOD function returns the remainder when the first argument is divided by t second (for example, MOD(14,5) equals 4). If the constants are chosen carefully, the line congruential method generates all possible integers between 0 and m — 1, and the peril (i.e. the number of iterations before the sequence starts to repeat itself) will be equal... 

However, in terms of long-term needs, nations and communities can ignore air pollution control only at their peril. A population can subsist. 

Peril = Critical pressure, psia W = Gas flow rate, Ib/hr d = Pipe id, in. 

These generators vaporize a liquid (oil/mineral oil or glycol and water), which then condenses into a fine aerosol on contact with cooler air. The amount of smoke produced should be controllable by the liquid feed rate and the temperature of the heating chamber, but in practice the output is not ea.sy to control. They will, however, produce a large amount of smoke over a long periled, dhe generators are relatively expensive (several hundred ECUs), are bulky, are not generally portable, and require an electrical connection. 

Tho known constituents of ginger grass oil are the terpenes, diuen-tane, d-a-phellandreoo and rf-limonene, together with geraniol, ana an alonboJ which is identical with that obtained by the reduction of porUlio aldehyde, and which is known as perillic alcohol. 

The aldehyde present in the oil has been usamined hy Semmler and /aar who find it to he a dihydrocumio aldehyde, C jH,0, and which has been named perillic aldehyde. It has the following cbaraclera —... 

An alcohol of the formula Cj Hj O was isolated from oil of ginger-grass by Schimmel Co., and described by them as dihydrocuminic alcohol. It has, however, now been shown by Semmler and Zaar not to have the constitution assigned to it by Schimmel Co., but to be identical with the alcohol obtained by reducing perillic aldehyde, Cj<,H 40, the aldehyde characteristic of the essential oil of PerUla nankinensis. 

It was separated from geraniol, which accompanies it in ginger-grass oil by treatment with concentrated formic acid, which destroys the geraniol, but does not attack the perillic alcohol. It has the following characters —... 

CHjOH Perillic alcohol. CH2CI Chloride. CH, Litnoueiie. 

By oxidation this alcohol yields perillic aldehyde which forms a semi-carbazone, melting at 199° to 200°, and perillic acid, melting at 130° to 131°. It also yields a naphthyl-urethane, melting at 146° to 147°. 

Perillic aldehyde, Cj Hj O, is present in the essential oil of Perilla nankinensis. It has been examined by Semmler and Zaar, who isolated it from the oil by means of its sodium sulphite compound. Perillic aldehyde has the following characters —... 

By reduction with zinc-dust and acetic acid it yields the acetic ester of perillic alcohol, from which the alcohol itself is separated by saponification. 

The oxime of perillic aldehyde melts at 102°, and when heated with acetic anhydride in presence of sodium acetate, is converted into the nitrile of perillic acid, a liquid having the following characters —... 

Furukawa and Tomizawa state that perillic aldehyde has the following characters —... 

These results show that the structure of perillic aldehyde is similar to that of limonene, and that, consequently, the reducible double bond is next to the aldehydic group. 

When perillic acid is dissolved in five times its weight of amyl alcohol and is reduced by sodium at the boiling temperature, dihydro-perillic acid, CjoH Oj, is obtained. This acid melts at 107° to 109° C. By the reduction of its methyl ester by means of sodium, dihydroperillic alcohol is fornned, which is a liquid with a rose odour and having the following characters —... 

Myrtenal, C oH, 0, is an aldehyde found in the oil of Perilla nankin-ensis, associated with perillic aldehyde. It is also formed by the reduction of myrtenol, an alcohol of the formula CjpH,gO, occurring in oil of myrtle leaves. Myrtenal has the following characters —... 

Chow dhury, Jasyadev, Jail The Rising Peril for Environmental Crimes, Chem. Eng, V. 95, No. 15, 1988, p. 26. 

Pc = Peril = critical flow throat pressure, psia = sonic = choked pressure = maximum dovmstream pressure producing maximum flow... 

The policy cover may be extended to include damage to assets from extra perils if the necessary additional premium is paid. These include storm damage, floodwater, burst water pipes or tanks, aircraft, riot, malicious damage or impact by mechanical vehicles. It is also possible to include an item to cover architects , surveyors and consultants fees and legal fees all incurred in the reinstatement of the property insured, as well as a sum to cover the costs of removing debris from the site before rebuilding can start. 

Business interruption policies (also known as loss of profits or consequential loss) are designed to cover the trading loss due to the occurrence of the fire or other insured peril. This loss is normally identified either by a reduction in turnover as a result of the disruption caused to the business or by increased costs incurred to minimize the loss of turnover, or indeed a combination of the two. The cover under the policy does not last for an indefinite period after the loss but is restricted to a time scale expressed in the policy as the maximum indemnity period. This time limit is chosen by the management of the business, and is the time they think that they would need to recover the trading position of the company following the incident. With fire insurance, there is a limit to the amount payable, which is the insured sum chosen by the management of the business. 

The selectivity for (/ ,/ )( ,S)-10 has been rationalized by invoking a synperiplanar enolate species whose conformation is enforced by a donor(enolate oxygen)- acceptor) peril uo-rophenyl) interaction depicted in structure N47. Infrared and variable temperature NMR spectroscopic studies of the neutral precursor complex 8 support the existence of such a donor-acceptor interaction. 

Often the authors set their own ground rules in a probably futile attempt to satisfy the inquisitiveness of those from another technical discipline in an expeditious manner, and yet not to incur the criticism of those highly knowledgeable in the subject area. The writers have followed this important but perilous course. 

Generally speaking, the investigator carries out such simulations to show whether the postulated scheme matches the data. To carry out the simulations, the researcher fixes the rate constants of some steps at their established values and evaluates the ones that are unknown by iterative adjustment, the criterion being the quality of the match. Obviously, one is not likely to produce a definitive answer if too many steps have rate constants that are allowed to be adjusted at will. One may also be tempted to adjust one (more ) of the supposedly established rate constants. This action is perilous, without independent cause for suspicion. In that event, one should very seriously consider replicating the original experiments that defined that step. Not to do so invites the construction of an unsound house of cards. ... 

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