Perception information

As described earlier, in the first stage of perception, information is acquired via the senses from a number of sources. These may include gauges and chart recorders, VDU screens in a control room, verbal communication with individuals on the plant, or direct observation of process variables. In the short term, this information provides feedback with regard to specific control actions. 

Kinesthetic perception Information about the relative positions of and forces on body parts, possibly including efference copy (internal knowledge of muscular effort). 

Tactile perception Information about spatial pressure patterns on the skin with a fixed kinesthetic... 

Perceptible information. The design communicates necessary information effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user s sensory abilities. 

Conversion in both directions needs heuristic information about conjugation. It would therefore be more sensible to input molecules directly into the RAMSES notation. Ultimately, we hope that the chemist s perception of bonding will abandon the connection table representation of a single VB structure and switch to one accounting for the problems addressed in this section in a manner such as that laid down in the RAMSES model. 

Let us define knowledge as the perception of the logical relations among the structures of the information. One thing we have to bear in mind is that any systematic treatment of information needs some previous knowledge. Therefore, research, in the long run, is always an iterative process, as depicted on Figure 4-1. 

Only then can the full arsenal of processing reaction information, such as reaction center searching, reaction similarity perception, or reaction classification (see Section 3.5) be invoked. Figure 10.3-19 shows such a full-fledged reaction represen tation. 

A R, D P Dolata and K Prout 1990. Automated Conformational Analysis and Structure Generation Algorithms for Molecular Perception. Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Science 30 316-324. 

Equation 1.4-7 showed that as long as consequences are small enough, that effects are lineai, i.e., not so catastrophic as to affect the perpetuation of civilization, the number of injuries or fatalities in either case are the same whether or not there are many small accidents or a few large accidents. But the public, either because of information sources or for more fundamental reasons does not see it this way. Since the public affects government, public perception is a concern. 

The following sections discuss how errors can arise at each of the stages of perception, decision-making and control actions. The account given below of how information is processed by the human perceptual system is highly simplified. More technical descriptions are provided in many textbooks, for example, Wickens (1984). 

Human Information-Processing A view of the human operator as an information-processing system. Information-processing models are convention-aUy expressed in terms of diagrams which indicate the flow of information throu stages such as perception, decision-making, and action. 

A large part of what the public knows about risk comes from the media. Whether it is newspapers, magazines, radio or television, the media provides information about the nature and extent of specific risks. It also helps shape the perception of the danger involved within a given risk. 

The media provides information regarding the nature and extend of risks. Every day risks, ue underestimated by the public, because much attention is directed to largely publicized risks. The perception of a given risk is amplified by "outrage factors Inch can make people feel even small risks are unacceptable. Experts view the perception of risk differently tlian lay people as a result a serious hazard may be underestimated. 

The present chapter, therefore, will present certain topics based on a selection of references, mainly in view of providing a perception of the current developments and great potential of chitin today. The reader is referred to books and reviews [1-17] where basic information and specific subjects are treated in a more systematic way. These polysaccharides are described not only in encyclopaedias, handbooks, monographs and articles, but also in the American Standard Testing Materials standard guides and in the Pharmacopoeias of various coimtries [10,16,17]. 

Stored in reservoirs, and a growing social perception of problems related to water quantity and quality in reservoirs is expected. Just as an example, the recurrent drought episodes suffered by the Barcelona metropolitan area (Spain) in recent years placed reservoirs at the center-stage since then people are regularly informed about water resources stored in nearby reservoirs in newspapers and TV, and an iconic view from a reservoir has become a nonofficial monitor of the water supply volume available for the city (Fig. 1). 

---