Percentage method

Calculation Calculate the content of gamma-Cyclodextrin in the sample by the peak area percentage method using the following equation ... 

Other commonly used methods of computing depreciation are the declining-balance method (also known as the fixed-percentage method) and the sum-of-years-digits method. 

The declining-balance method is also referred to as the fixed percentage or the uniform percentage method because the amount of depreciation each year is a fixed fraction, d, of the book value of the depreciable asset. Let B = the original cost of the asset, which is usually called the basis t = years of service of the asset and BV, = book value at the end of year t. Then, the amount of annual depreciation, D for the year t is given by... 

In the practice of study and application of mixed solvents the fractional (percentage) method of composition expression, according to which the fraction, Y, or percentage, Y 100, of i-component in mixed solvent are equal, is the most common ... 

The percentage method provides values for each phase, based on experiences, to evaluate the percentage of the total effort. Thus, a phase is estimated and realized in detail and after the completion of the phase, the estimation is taken as a basis for the remaining phases. This method is suitable for a plausibility check to evaluate estimated values evaluated by another method (Kuster et al. 2008). 

Seismic zone (1) (2) (3) per AWWA D103 using Fixed Percentage Method. 

With the accumulation of results obtained from various and complex analyses of narrow cuts (Waterman method), correlations have been found f ctween refractive index, specific gravity and molecular weight on one hand, and percentages of paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic carbon on the other. 

Starting from these methods, as we will see further on, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of carbon has provided an absolute percentage of aromatic, paraffinic, and naphthenic carbons. 

As stated earlier, these hydrocarbons are difficult to quantify with accuracy. The FIA method, which is a chromatographic adsorption on silica, gives volume percentages of saturated hydrocarbons, olefins and aromatics. 

When estimating the operating and maintenance costs for various options, it is recommended that the actual activities which are anticipated are specified and costed. This will run into the detail of frequency and duration of maintenance activities such as inspection, overhaul, painting. This technique allows a much more realistic estimate of opex to be made, rather than relying on the traditional method of estimating opex based on a percentage of capex. The benefits of this activity based costing are further discussed in Section 13.0 and 14.0. 

In Section 13.2, it was suggested that opex is estimated at the development planning stage based upon a percentage of cumulafive capex (fixed opex) plus a cosf per barrel of hydrocarbon production (variable opex). This method has been widely applied, with the percentages and cost per barrel values based on previous experience in the area. One obvious flaw in this method is that as oil production declines, so does the estimate of opex, which is nof the common experience as equipment ages it requires more maintenance and breaks down more frequently. 

A considerable percentage (40% - 85%) of hydrocarbons are typically not recovered through primary drive mechanisms, or by common supplementary recovery methods such as water flood and gas injection. This is particularly true of oil fields. Part of the oil that remains after primary development is recoverable through enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods and can potentially slow down the decline period. Unfortunately the cost per barrel of most EOR methods is considerably higher than the cost of conventional recovery techniques, so the application of EOR is generally much more sensitive to oil price. 

Segregation of bearings, with regard to residual austenite was performed with the aid of WIROTEST 202 and WIROTEST 12 finish. Selected rings with defined indications were subject to metalographic tests, in order to state whether residual austenite occurs, and then using the diffraction method, the percentage content of residual austenite. 

The realized experiments have shown the large possibilities of analysis by the eddy currents method. They allow, besides the verification of the coating and the determination of its thickness, to give an overview on the percentage of the main chemical components of the controlled samples coating by a deepened processing. 

Evaluation data taken from the more than 8 thousand reports of the laboratory and field wire ropes inspections show that the visual methods and life time criteria are non adequate to real durability of the ropes in service [4]. The data show that only a very small percentage of all ropes was replaced in a proper time, when one has used a visual inspection. 

Clearly, the HF method, independent of basis, systematically underestimates the bond lengdis over a broad percentage range. The CISD method is neither systematic nor narrowly distributed in its errors, but the MP2 and MP4 (but not MP3) methods are reasonably accurate and have narrow error distributions if valence TZ or QZ bases are used. The CCSD(T), but not the CCSD, method can be quite reliable if valence TZ or QZ bases are used. 

At the limit of Knudsen diffusion control it is not reasonable to expect that any of the proposed approximation methods will perform well since, as we know, percentage variations in pressure are quite large. Nevertheless it is interesting to examine their results, which are shown in Figure 11 4 At this limit it is easy to check algebraically that equations (11.54) and (11.55) become the same, while (11.60) differs from the other two. Correspondingly the values of the effectiveness factor calculated using the approximation of Kehoe and Aris coincide with the results of Apecetche et al., and with the exact solution, ile Hite and Jackson s effectiveness factors differ substantially. 

The method can therefore be used to estimate the percentage of aniline hydrochloride in a crude sample, provided the impurities are not themselves salts of other similar amines. Alternatively, if aniline is known to be a monacidic base (forming therefore a mono-hydrochloride) the molecular weight of aniline can be determined, since the molecular weight of the aniline hydrochloride is clearly that weight which is neutralised by 1000 ml. of vl/.NaOH solution. 

The standardised Fehling s solution can then be used to determine, for example, the percentage amount of glucose in a crude sample. The method... 

Molecular volumes are usually computed by a nonquantum mechanical method, which integrates the area inside a van der Waals or Connolly surface of some sort. Alternatively, molecular volume can be determined by choosing an isosurface of the electron density and determining the volume inside of that surface. Thus, one could find the isosurface that contains a certain percentage of the electron density. These properties are important due to their relationship to certain applications, such as determining whether a molecule will fit in the active site of an enzyme, predicting liquid densities, and determining the cavity size for solvation calculations. 

Example 5 The true value of a quantity is 30.00, and cr for the method of measurement is 0.30. What is the probability that a single measurement will have a deviation from the mean greater than 0.45 that is, what percentage of results will fall outside the range 30.00 0.45 ... 

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