Peptides, corticotrophin

Hersey. S.J. et al. (1995) Gastric acid secretion. Physiol. Rev.. 75.155-190. antalarmin is a synthetic non-peptide CORTICOTROPHIN-RELEASING factor RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST which is more active at the CRF subtype. It is used as a pharmacological tool, antazoline (ban.inn) (antazoline phosphate [usan] antazollne sulphate imidazolamine phenazoline ... 

Among a number of peptides studied it is only the reduction of somatostatin in the temporal, parietal and frontal cortices that correlates with the severity of dementia in AzD, although corticotrophin-releasing factor is lower. Reductions in somatostatin do not generally parallel those of ChAT, its concentration being almost normal in the hippocampus and nucleus basalis, where ChAT levels are lowest and there is no evidence that it is localised in cholinergic neurons. 

Hypothalamic GHRIF is a cyclic 14 amino-acid peptide, although a 28 amino acid form is also found in some other tissues. GHRIF inhibits the release not only of GH but also of tyrotrophin and corticotrophin from the pituitary, and insulin and glucagon from the pancreas. It can also regulate the level of duodenal secretions. 

Two neuropeptides, corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are released from parvoceUular neurons in the hypothalamic PVN to initiate a stress response. The terminal endings of these neurons, located in the median eminence of the hypothalamus, release CRH and AVP into the hypothalamic-hypophysial portal vessel system, where they travel to the anterior pituitary. The two neuropeptides act syn-ergistically on pituitary corticotrophs to activate the synthesis of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). This peptide, discussed in detail below, is processed to produce several peptides including adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), or corticotropin. ACTH released from corticotrophs travels via the bloodstream to act on cells in the zona fasciculata layer of the adrenal cortex, stimulating the synthesis and release of the glucocorticoids, cortisol (in humans) or corticosterone (in rodents). 

AIrheumat " ketoprofen. alsactide [inn] (Hoechst 433) is a synthetic peptide, a structural corticotrophin analogue, which has been used as a diagnostic agent for adrenal insufficiency, and clinically for conditions where CORTICOSTEROID treatment is indicated. See also corticotrophin. 

COdactide [ban, inn] (octodecactlde Ba 41795) is a synthetic peptide, a structural CORTICOTROPHIN ANALOGUE, which has been used clinically. Its in vjvo steroidogenic activity is significantly greater than that of native ACTH. See also CORTICOTROPHIN. 

Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), a peptide synthesised in the paraventricular nucleus, suppresses appetite and food intake in addition to its role in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. 

Corticotropin is a peptide hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis, one of the derivatives of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) it acts primarily on the adrenal cortex, stimulating its grovrth and the secretion of corticosteroids. Its production is increased during times of stress. It is also known as adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH, corticotrophin, adrenocorticotrophin, and adrenocorticotropin. 

Calcitonin Receptor-Like Calcitonin Receptor Corticotrophin Releasing Fact s Cortlcotrophln Releasing Fa> Corticotrophin Releasing Factor Gastric Inhibitory Peptide Receptor Glucagon>llke Receptor... 

Immunocytochemical studies have shown that subpopulations of climbing fibers may use peptides as a neurotransmitter, including somatostatine, corticotrophin-releasing factor and enkephalin. Their distribution and characteristics will be discussed in Section... 

Roberts, J.L. and Herbert, E. ( 911a) Characterization of a common precursor to corticotrophin and beta-lipotrophin cell-free synthesis of the precursor and identification of corticotrophin peptides in the molecule. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 74 4826 830. 

---