Vasopressin arginine

The principal hormones of the human posterior pituitary include the two nonapeptides, oxytocin [50-56-6] and arginine vasopressin [11000-17-2] (antidiuretic hormone, ADH). Many other hormones, including opioid peptides (see Opioids, endogenous), cholecystokinin [9011-97-6] (CCK) (see Hormones, BRAIN oligopeptides), and gastrointestinal peptides, also have been located in mammalian neurohypophysis (6), but are usually found in much lower concentrations (7). Studies have demonstrated that oxytocin and vasopressin are synthesized in other human organs, both centrally and peripherally, and there is considerable evidence for their role as neurotransmitters (see Neuroregulators) (8). 

Fig. 1. Stmcture of oxytocin and arginine vasopressin. Numbers indicate approximate location of amino acids sequences found in Table 1. A, oxytocin B,...

Vasopressin and Oxytocin. Arginine -vasopressin (AVP, vasopressia also known as antidiuretic hormone, ADH) (342) is a nonapeptide amide that functions both as a neuroregulator and a hormone (84,85). Oxytocia (OT) (343) is a nonapeptide amide related to AVP. 

Logically, ADH receptor antagonists, and ADH synthesis and release inhibitors can be effective aquaretics. ADH, 8-arginine vasopressin [113-79-17, is synthesized in the hypothalamus of the brain, and is transported through the supraopticohypophyseal tract to the posterior pituitary where it is stored. Upon sensing an increase of plasma osmolaUty by brain osmoreceptors or a decrease of blood volume or blood pressure detected by the baroreceptors and volume receptors, ADH is released into the blood circulation it activates vasopressin receptors in blood vessels to raise blood pressure, and vasopressin V2 receptors of the nephrons of the kidney to retain water and electrolytes to expand the blood volume. 

Chemicai Name 1-(3-Mercaptopropionic acid)-8D-arginine vasopressin Common Name —... 

The release of NO from the endothelium is induced by various chemical substances, including acetylcholine polypeptides such as substance P, bradykinin, and arginine vasopressin histamine ATP/ADP a2-adrenoceptor agonists thrombin and Ca2+ iono-phores. NO formed in response to mechanical stimuli like shear stress or transmural pressure plays an important role in maintaining basal blood flow. Endothelial NO causes vasodilatation, decreased... 

Vasopressin 8-arginine-vasopressin (AVP) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Lysipressin Oxytocin (OT) 8-leucine-vasotocin... 

X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is caused by mutations in the gene for the vasopressin V2 receptor leading to an insensitivity of the kidney for the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP). The main symptom of the disease is diuresis, i.e., the production of a large amount of diluted urine. Due to the massive loss of water, the patients suffer from thirst and are in danger of dehydration. The disease usually becomes evident shortly after birth. 

ATHERO-ELAM A montxyte adhesion molecule ATL Adult T cell leukaemia ATP Adenosine triphosphate ATPase Adenosine triphosphatase ATP-ys Adenosine 3 thiotriphosphate AITP Autoimmune thrombcKytopenic purpura AUC Area under curve AVP Arginine vasopressin... 

Binding affinity inhibition constant X (tiM) versus [ HJoxytocin in rat uterine tissue. Binding affinity inhibition constant Kj (tiM) versus [ HJarginine vasopressin in rat liver tissue. Binding affinity inhibition constant AT (tiM) versus [ H] arginine vasopressin in rat kidney tissue. 

Binding affinity IC50 (nM), concentration required for half-maximal inhibition of binding of [ H]arginine vasopressin to rat liver tissue. 

Primary therapy is based on disease severity and type of hemorrhage.7 Most patients with mild to moderate disease and a minor bleeding episode can be treated with l-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin [desmopressin acetate (DDAVP)], a synthetic analog of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin. DDAVP causes release of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and factor VIII from endogenous storage sites. This formulation increases plasma factor VIII levels by three- to fivefold within 30 minutes. The recommended dose is 0.3 mcg/kg intravenously (in 50 mL normal saline infused over 15 to 30 minutes) or subcutaneously or 300 meg intranasally via concentrated nasal spray every 12 hours. Peak effect with intranasal administration occurs 60 to 90 minutes after administration, which is somewhat later than with intravenous administration. Desmopressin infusion may be administered daily for up to 2 to 3 days. Tachyphylaxis, an attenuated response with repeated administration, may occur after several doses.8... 

Noszal, B. Guo, W. Rabenstein, D. L., Characterization of the macroscopic and microscopic acid-base chemistry of the native disulfide and reduced dithiol forms of oxytocin, arginine-vasopressin and related peptides, J. Org. Chem. 57,2327-2334 (1992). 

---