Pellets formulations

Other Formulations. Neural networks have been applied to the modeling of pellet formulations to control the release of theophylline [63] and to control the rate of degradation of omeprazole [64]. They have also been applied to the preparation of acrylic microspheres [65] and to model the release of insulin from an implant [66]. In arecent study from Brazil, the release of hydrocortisone from a biodegradable matrix has been successfully modeled [67]. 

Kleinbudde P. Use of a power-consumption-controlled extruder in the development of pellet formulations. J Pharm Sci 1995 84(10) 1259-1264. 

Fig. 2—Absorption of verapamil after a single dose of a sustained release pellet formulation in six healthy volunteers. The position of the majority of pellets at each blood sampling was detected by X-rays. S, stomach I, intestine C, colon o, fasting , non-fasting.

Ragnarsson, G., Sandberg, A., Johansson, M. O., Lindstedt, B., and Sjogren, JJi(i K998)release characteristics of a membrane-coated pellet formulation-m uence of drug solubility and particlelsize,... 

Davis, S. S., Khosla, R., Wilson, C. G., and Washington, N. Gastrointestinal transit of a controlled release pellet formulation of tiaprofenic acid and the effect of food. Int. J. Pharm. 35 253, 1987. 

Prometon. Prometon was used in the United States for weed control on nonagricultural sites under the trade names Pramitol and Primatol . Offered as an 80 W or 25E (emulsifiable concentrate) formulation, Pramitol mixed readily with water and other herbicides. Alone, Pramitol controlled a wide variety of weeds and could be sprayed on soil before the application of asphalt to inhibit weed breakthrough in driveways or parking areas. A 5P (pelleted) formulation... 

J. Coupe, S. S. Davis, D. F. Evans, I. R. Wilding, Do pellet formulations empty from stomach with food , Int J Pharm 92 167-175 (1993). 

Vergote GJ, Verraet C, Van-Driessche I, et al. Oral controlled release matrix pellet formulation containing microcrystalline ketoprofen. Int J Pharm 2002 219 81—87. 

In the design of novel pelletized formulations manufactured by extrusion-spheronization, fumaric acid was used to aid spheronization, favoring the production of fine pellets.It has also been investigated as an alternative filler to lactose in pellets. 

Fumaric acid has been investigated as a lubricant for effervescent tablets and copolymers of fumaric acid and sebacic acid have been investigated as bioadhesive micro-spheres. " It has been used in film-coated pellet formulations as an acidifying agent and also to increase drug solubility. ... 

Polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives have been used experimentally as a surfactant for the controlled release matrix pellet formulation containing nanocrystalline ketoprofen, " and for the transdermal delivery of vinpocetin. " ... 

Microcrystalline wax is also used in oral controlled-release matrix pellet formulations for various active compounds and as a tablet- and capsule-coating agent. In controlled-release systems, microcrystalline wax coatings can also be used to affect the release of drug from ion-exchange resin beads. Microcrystalline wax is also used in confectionery, cosmetics, and food products. 

The recoverable deformation of the pellets was quantifled from the linear portion of the load/deformation profile obtained when measuring the strength of pellets by Aulton et al. (88). Alternatively, the elastic properties as a storage modulus" can be measured by the application of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) (89). The values obtained by this method for a series of pellet formulations were found to be considerably greater than those obtained by application of the former method (81). which must therefore be considered as an estimate of the real value. It did rank the pellet formulations in the same order as the DMA. 

There are several approaches to identifying the mechanism of drug release from pellets. For example, O Connor and Schwartz (130) applied the approach of Higuchi (131) to show that for a series of pellet formulations, they behaved as an inert matrix with a linear... 

Many formulations can consist simply of drug and MCC, processed with an appropriate quantity of water To decrea.se the cost, especially when the quantity of drug is relatively low, MCC can be replaced in some instances with filler. Those used are standard materials used in conventional oral formulations, such as lactose, mannitol, and calcium carbonate. The different fillers can influence the performance of the pellet formulation (115) but may not (168). In one study, we found it actually beneficial to include a quantity of lactose in a formulation, which contained a high level (80%) of drug, when one might expect the remainder of the formulation should be MCC (119). Thus, it appears necessary to take each formulation as an individual case. 

Newton JM. Extruders and extrusion. In Swarbrick J. Boy Ian JC. eds. Encyclopaedia of Pharmaceutical Technology. Vol. 2, 2nd cd. New York Marcel Dekkcr, 2002 1226-36. Fitzpatrick S, Taylor S. Booth SW, ct al. The development of a stable, coated pellet formulation of a water sensitive drug, a ca.sc study Development of a stable core formulation. Pharm Dev Tech 2006 11 521-8. 

Abdulla A. Mader K. Preparation and characterization of a self-emulsifying pellet formulation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007 66 220-6. 

Laicher, A., Junger, H. and Klemm, F. H. Stability behaviour of molsidomine-containing pellet formulations.. Pharm. Pharmacol. 49 131-134, 1997. 

Figure 7.13 Example of a series of gamma camera images of pellet formulation obtained at 0.5 h [a), 10 h (b) and 24 h (c).

Figure 7.15 Gastric emptying time after administration with breakfast (a) and colon residence time (b) for a non-disintegrating tablet and pellet formulation in eight individual subjects CAbrahamsson et al. 1996).

Oak sawdust was effectively used in a pellet formulated for feeding with whole shelled com. 

A pellet formulation was coated with a mixture of 2 polymers and a plasticizer (polyethylene glycol). Allowed ranges were defined for each component in the coating ... 

Knudsen, G. R. Johnson, J. B. Eschen, D. J. Alginate pellet formulation of a Beauveria bassiana (Fungi Hyphomycetes) isolate pathogenic to cereal aphids. J. Econ. Entomol. 1990,83,2225-2228. 

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