Pelleted seeds

Coated/pelleted seed Each seed is coated in clay to make handling and station-sowing easier. Check that no pesticide is present in the coating. 

Scheffer, J. J. C, and Wilson, G. J. (1987). Cauliflower molybdenum application using pelleted seed foliar sprays. N.Z. J. Exp. Agric. 

This depends on seed spacing and row width. The recommendation is that pelleted seed should be sown at between 1.00 and 1.43 units/ha (each unit has 100 000 seeds) to give a final optimum plant population of around 90000 per heetare,... 

Seed is usually sold in acre packs of about 50000 seeds (125000 seeds or 2.5 packs/ha). Graded (3.50-4.75 mm) pelleted seed is used, which should be precision drilled if possible. 

Rates vary between 0.5 and 4.5 kg/ha. The lower amount is used with precision drilhng. Pelleted seed is sown 7-15 cm apart in the row at row widths of 17-35 cm. This is particularly applicable where overall chemical weed control is carried out and/or the crop is to be folded. The aim is for a high plant population of up to 100000/lia. 

Plant material should be added to a disk mill (grain or seed matrices) or a vertical batch processor (all other matrices). Add an equal portion of pelletized dry-ice to the sample (vertical processor only). Macerate the plant sample (or sample -I- dry-ice) until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. Soil samples should be well mixed or... 

The experimental results of Capes and Danckwerts (C6) and Kanetkar (K1), using a balling drum and a disk granulator, respectively, have shown that the thickness of the snowballed layer is approximately independent of the initial size of the seed pellet. It then follows that the rate of pick up of the loose particulate material is proportional to the surface area of the granule hence,... 

A number of studies (F3, 12, M4, V2) have shown that, provided the constituent particles are small enough, any particulate material will pelletize by systematic agitation without the use of a binder. The rate of agglomeration is greatly accelerated in the presence of relatively large-size solid particles or agglomerates. These seeds, nominally plus 200 mesh in size, are usually the recycled pellets of the powder itself. 

Typical results of the dry pelletizing process when a charge of carbon black and its plus 52-mesh seeds is tumbled in a drum (12) are shown in Figs. 31 and 32. Initially, the seeds grow in size rapidly by snowballing. The dip in the bulk density of the seeds (Fig. 32) suggests that the deposited layers are quite porous in the beginning but get compacted in due course to... 

Fig. 31. Variations in the weights of carbon black seeds and intermediate granules with pelletizing time. [From Israel and Ventakeswarlu (12).]...

L Weight ratio of seed to layered K Volume of liquid in pellet... 

If for a given material, Vmf > 50 mm s1 (i.e., above the boundary shown in Fig. 5) andX< 0.001 m3 s kg-1 (i.e., below the boundary shown in Fig. 6), then dense-phase low-velocity slug-flow (Wypych, 1995a) is possible (e.g., mustard seed, polyethylene powder, 1000 pm sand, polyethylene pellets and granulated sugar). Note that dilute-phase also is possible. 

No. 8 shot and held at 5 or 22°C and fed commercial pelleted ration or mixed seed Tissue lead residues were higher in Pb-dosed birds. Doves on the pelleted diet retained shot longer and eroded more lead than did doves on the mixed seed diet. Temperature had no measurable effect on lead residues 59... 

Except direct use of allelopathic crops as cover crops, smother crops, and intercrops, applications of allelopathy for weed control include the use of allelopathic residues as an herbicide agent, e.g., pellets flours, water extracts, etc. The most common example of crop residue utilization is application of straw on the soil surface (mulching), e.g., rice straw inhibited germination of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu), and little-seed canarygrass (Phalaris minor Retz.) (Lee et al. 1991 Tamak et al. 1994 Young et al. 1989). 

These days, allelopathic plants as catch crops or trap crops found utilization in plant protection of tropical regions against parasitic weeds. They do not eliminate the parasite completely but decrease the seed bank in the soil. Other applications of allelopathy for weed control include the use of plant residues as a natural herbicide agent, e.g., water extracts, pellets, flours, by-products of crop processing, etc. The strategies for use of volatile compounds as soil fumigants are developed. 

The transport of cysts via shellfish transplants or relays is even more difficult to evaluate. Not only is it possible that the sediment on the shells of seed shellfish contains cysts, but ingested cysts may even survive ingestion and germinate following defecation. Many cysts fed to soft-shell clams and mussels are viable following isolation from fecal pellets (35), but experiments have yet to be performed that mimic the conditions associated with prolonged residence in the intestines of shellfish during inter or intra-state transport. 

Discard supernatant and resuspend cells in 200 pL of culture medium. Using a 200 pL Pipetman with the volume set at 180 pL, gently dissociate the pellet for 20-40 times. Dilute a 5 pL aliquot from each sample in 15 pL of Trypan blue and count in a Burker or Neubauer chamber. Seed cells at a density of 8 X 10 viable cells/cm in culture medium containing EGF and FGF2. 

The sorbitol solution produced from hydrogenation is purified in two steps [4]. The first involves passing the solution through an ion-exchange resin bed to remove gluconate and other ions. In the second step, the solution is treated with activated carbon to remove trace organic impurities. The commercial 70% sorbitol solution is obtained by evaporation of the water under vacuum. The solid is prepared by dehydration until a water-free melt is obtained which is cooled and seeded. The crystals are removed continuously from the surface (melt crystallization). The solid is sold as flakes, granules, pellet, and powder forms in a variety of particle size distributions. 

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