Pathogenic plant cells

Rose, J.K., Ham, K.S., Darvill, A.G., and Albersheim P. (2002). Molecular cloning and characterization of glucanase inhibitor proteins coevolution of a counterdefense mechanism by plant pathogens. Plant Cell 14, 1329-1345. 

Choi H.W. Kim Y.J. Lee S.C. Hong J.K. Hwang B.K. (2007) Hydrogen peroxide generation by the pepper extracellular peroxidase CaP02 activates local and systemic cell death and defense response to bacterial pathogens / / Plant Physiology. V. 145. P. 890-904. 

Gaulin E. Drame N. Lafitte C. Torto-Alalibo T. Martinez Y. et al. (2006) Gellulose binding domains of a Phytophthora cell wall protein are novel pathogen-associated molecular patterns / / Plant Cell. N. 18. P. 1766-1777. 

Misaghi I. J. (1982). The role of pathogen-produced cell-wall-degrading enzymes in pathogenesis. In Physiology and Biochemistry of Plant Pathogen Interactions. Plenum Press, 17-34. 

Scott-Craig J. S., Panaccione D. G., Cervone F. Walton J. D. (1990). Endopolygalacturonase is not required for pathogenicity of Cochliobolus carbonum on maize. The Plant Cell 1 . 9 - 1QQ. 

The endo-action of the K. marxianus PG was demonstrated by a extremely rapid attack on plant tissue. This activity appears to be at least equivalent to that of several commercial preparations used for separating plant cells for protoplast preparation (RMC, unpublished data). Most of the endo-PGs produced by plant pathogens and saprophytes have so far been reported to possess macerating activity. PG secreted by K. marxianus CCT 3172 also had a strong activity in reducing the viscosity of cocoa pulp. Cocoa pulp generally contains 1 - 1.5% (w/w) of pectin consisting of 68% esterification and 11.6% methoxyl content [18]. 

Bouarab K, Potin P, Correa J, Kloareg B (1999) Sulfated oligosaccharides mediate the interaction between a marine red alga and its green algal pathogenic endophyte. Plant Cell 11 1635-1650 Bryant JP, Chapin FS, Klein DR (1983) Carbon/nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to vertebrate herbivory. Oikos 40 357-368... 

Deoxynivalenol results in massive electrolyte loss in plant cells upon exposure. Fusarium graminearum is a necrotrophic pathogen. 

Significance of Flavonoid Accumulation in Cell Walls Whereas the accumulation of flavonoids in plant cell walls may be difficult to explain, however, it may be considered as a means of eliminating such cytotoxic agents from the cell symplast. Such site for flavonoid accumulation may also be considered as a means of protection against pathogens, predators and ultraviolet radiation (54), especially in the absence of ligni-fied tissues, as in the case of Chrysosplenium. 

Immune systems in plants are based on passive, structural immunity, such as a waxy surface or cuticle, and active immunity exists in the expression of some chemicals. The mechanism of this system is to prevent infectious agents from gaining access to plant cells. Plant immunity may also be protoplasmic. This means that the protoplast in cells is an unfavourable environment for pathogenic development. Plants do not, however, produce antibodies like animals do. The protoplasmic immunity is arranged generally by phytoalexins, non-specific... 

Ozone changes plant cell membrane (17, 18) and chloroplast membrane permeability (19). Loss of membrane integrity is also caused by plant pathogens (20), drought (21), herbicides (22) and frost (21). 

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