Pathogen contaminating pharmaceutical

Fungi may be potential pathogens or occur as contaminants in pharmaceutical products. In performing tests on potential antiflin preparations the differing culture requirements of the fungi should be borne in mind, otherwise tests similar to those used for antibacterial... 

When sufficiently high levels of expression and protein accumulation are achieved, efficient downstream processing protocols must be developed to insure product quality and the economic feasibility of production. As the demand for safe, recombinant pharmaceutical proteins continues to expand, the market potential of plant-produced recombinant proteins is considerable. Molecular farming can produce recombinant proteins at a lower cost than traditional expression systems based on microbial or animal cell culture, and without the risk of contamination with human pathogens. 

The production of pharmaceutical proteins in plants has clear advantages over traditional systems in terms of cost-efficiency and product safety, since there is no risk of contamination with human pathogens. Furthermore plants are much less likely than mammalian cells to be affected by the expression of certain human proteins, such as growth factors and cell cycle inhibitors [29]. Therefore, plants provide a strategic complement to existing microbial and animal production systems. 

Intact plants are also suitable for cost-effective production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins providing products free of contaminations with endotoxins or human pathogens. Plants generally promote the proper fold of foreign proteins and post-translational modifications that are somehow similar to those of mammalian systems. Also, production of vaccine candidates in cereal seeds allows antigen protection from proteolysis which ensures their stability for a long period of time. 

To prevent the spreading and contamination of virus, pathogenic, and spore-forming microbes used in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals... 

Water contamination Water Environmental Research Foundation (WERF) approach and software Bacterial pathogens in drinking water New and existing chemical substances EU New and existing chemical substances USEPA Endocrine-disrupting chemicals European Chemical Industry Council (CEFIC) proposal Plant protection products EU Human pharmaceuticals EU... 

Pharmaceutical products of widely differing forms are known to be susceptible to contamination with a variety of microorganisms, ranging from true pathogens to a motley collection of opportunist pathogens (see Table 16.1). Disinfectants, antiseptics, powders, tablets and other products providing an inhospitable environment to invading contaminants are known to be at risk, as well as products with more nutritious components, such as creams and lotions with carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins and often appreciable quantities of water. 

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