Patents and publications

The finishes produced have very good light fastness and corrosion resistance, and, unlike integral colour finishes, the shade is largely independent of the aluminium alloy and the anodic film thickness used. The whole range of shades can be produced on films as thin as 5 /im, so the finishes are also being used in trim applications. Many patents and publications in the electrolytic colouring field now exist and they have been reviewed by many authors . 

Considerable interest was placed on 2-vinylfuran in the years 1930-1950 and a number of patents and publications on its polymerization and copolymerization appeared. This work was aimed at exploring the potential of the new polymer and concentrated therefore, on descriptive aspects of its preparation, properties and possible applications (for bibliographies on this topic, see3, 80 81)). Little was done to shed light on the more fundamental aspects of the systems studied until about 20 years ago. The present publication reviews these later studies. 

The history of catalytic converters was reviewed recently by Ebel (12). Some of the early patents and publications on catalytic treatment of exhaust gases date from 1925. One of the earliest uses of an oxidation catalyst was in chemical plant exhaust control beginning in 1949, when the main gases to be removed were carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. 

One of the requirements for obtaining a patent is that the claimed subject matter in the patent not be obvious in view of prior art (previously disclosed patents and publications). Obviousness [16] and prior art [17] are legally codified in Title 35 of the United States Code. 

For each discovery program, a company should formulate and adhere to a patent and publication strategy. Make sure that you have a strategy and that you understand how to apply it. 

Electronic Materials. Applications of photopolymer technology to electronic products is probably one of the largest imaging categories in terms of sales and total number of patents and publications. A wide variety of products have been developed for the production of printed wiring boards (PWB) and the manufacture of integrated circuits (IC). 

To be patentable, an invention must be new and useful, as well as non-obvious. The Patent Office detmnines novelty by searching prior patents and publications. The patent must also contain a written description to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains. .. to make and use the invention. Non-obviousness is determined in light of the prior art and involves asking whether a person skilled in the art would consider the invention to be obvious. ... 

Patents and publications Civil service grades Security clearance... 

Abei, Sir Frederick Augustus(l827—1902), was a leading Brit scientist in the fields of propolis. and explosives. Introduced the practice of beating nitrocellulose to effect stabilization, devised a stability test for explosives which is named after him, and was the author of numerous patents and publications on explosives Refs 1)J.Spiller, JCS 87, 565-70(1905)... 

The identification of a small, brain penetrant BACE-1 inhibitor has been sought after for nearly a decade. There are patents and publications of brain penetrant BACE-1 inhibitors, and for a recent review of such compounds, the interested reader is referred to the report by Hills and Vacca.1241... 

Within three months following the filing of a request for reexamination under the provisions of section 302 of this title, the Director will determine whether a substantial new question of patentability affecting any claim of the patent concerned is raised by the request, with or without consideration of other patents or printed publications. On his own initiative, and at any time, the Director may determine whether a substantial new question of patentability is raised by patents and publications discovered by him or cited under the provisions of section 301 of this title. The existence of a substantial new question of patentability is not precluded by the fact that a patent or printed publication was previously cited by or to the Office or considered by the Office, (emphasis added.)... 

In addition to the respective patents and publications in journals several standard reference books for Pharmaceuticals and Fine Chemicals were used and sometimes also cited. The most important sources are given here ... 

Synthesis of fluoxetine as a racemic mixture is shown in scheme-2. Recently several patents and publications have appeared in the literature describing the synthesis of (S)- and ( R) enantiomers. 

Typically, dereplication is initiated with some analysis, chromatographic and/or spectroscopic, to recognise an active entity detected during HTS. Additional analyses are employed to rapidly establish the unambiguous identity of the compound. This fingerprint can then be used to search databases and reference libraries to link the structure to all chemical, spectral, bioactivity and pharmacokinetic data, as well as patent and publication information. 

Niven, R. W. (2002), Powders and processing Deagglomerating a dose of patents and publications, in Dalby, R. N., Byron, P.R., Peart, J., and Farr, S. J., Eds., Respiratory Drug Delivery VIII, Davis Horwood International Publishing, Raleigh, NC, pp 257-266. 

Recent patents and publications describe process improvements. Conversions can be followed by on-line liplc (93). The enzyme atnidase can be used to reduce residual monomers (94—96). A hydrogenation process for reduction of acrylamide in emulsions containing more that 5% residual monomer has been patented (95). Biodegradable oils have been developed (97). 

A number of patents and publications have addressed the synthesis, properties, and application of gallium carboxylates. Gallium carboxylates, Ga(02CR)3, may be prepared by a variety of synthetic methods, including the reaction of the carboxylic acid with Ga203 (equation 19), GaCl3 (equation 20), or directly with the metal (equation 21). Basic carboxylates result if aqueous acids are employed (see below). 

Numerous patents and publications of the Northern Regional Research Center, Peoria, lU. 

The synthesis of p. toluene sulfonyl isocyanate by phos-genation of p.toluene sulfonamide in presence of an alkyl isocyanate as the catalyst, generally n-butyl isocyanate, is well described in several patents and publications [Scheme... 

In the first reported direct A -carbonylation of nitroaromatics to isocyanates, simple Pd- or Rh-based systems were used to catalyze the reaction of aromatic mononitro compounds with carbon monoxide [11, 12]. Later, it became possible to work without the drastic reaction conditions that had been required initially, by using Lewis acid co-catalysts [13], Various catalysts and catalyst mixtures, normally based on Ru, Rh, or Pd complexes with co-catalysts, were described in numerous patents and publications [1, 3, 14—16], The careful choice of the composition of the triad consisting of metal salt, co-catalysts and ligand (preferably aromatic amines) led to efficient catalyst systems [14a-e] for the direct reductive carbonylation process. A quite active Pd-phenanthroline-H system with noncoordinating carboxylic acids such as 2,4,6-trimethlybenzoic acid as proton source is worth mentioning [14 d]. 

Although studies concerning main chain liquid crystalline polymers were originated by Onsager (la) and Ishihara (lb) in the late 1940 s, extensive work in this field did not really begin until the early 1970 s. Jackson and Kuhfuss (2) reported the first thermotropic polyester by modifying polyethylene terephthalate with various amounts of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA). They found that the copolyester with HBA content of at least 35 mole % have opaque melts. Subsequent studies in the area of aromatic polyesters by various authors resulted in a large number of patents and publication. (3.) These polymers were all derived from unsubstituted and... 

Soon after the initial discovery of the hydroformylation activity of RhH(CO)(PPh3)3 it was found that ligands have a profound influence on the activity and selectivity of the rhodium catalysts. The majority of the numerous published patents and publications are concerned with the effect of ligands and it is therefore impossible to review this matter here. Instead we have made a choice that includes a study of the electronic and steric effects of phosphines and phosphites and a few examples of bidentate ligands. A few trends will be briefly summarized. 

Jet milling, also called fluid-energy grinding, is an increasingly used process in the chemical industry for processing brittle, heat-sensitive materials into very fine powders with a narrow size distribution. For more than 90 years jet mills have been built and applied successfully on a semilarge scale in the chemical industry. A number of famous designs are extensively described in a number of patents and publications. 

---