Patent data bases

The material presented here is a compilation obtained by critically screening approximately 20,000 references from the literature (mainly from the Petroleum Abstracts Data Base and Patent Data Bases). Only materials that are accessible to the public have been included. The literature was screened from a chemist s point of view. Unfortunately several papers and patents did not disclose the chemical nature of the additives that are proposed for certain applications. In most cases it was not possible to learn the components by looking up cross-references and other sources. Papers of this kind are useless and have been omitted from the reference list. Research and procedures that are obviously not working, as well as wonder additives that are supposedly good for everything you can imagine, have also been left out. 

Any serious research effort directed towards achieving a commercial reward and patent protection needs assistance from adequate information services. Besides the scientific literature, related patents and patent applications must be available and can be traced through patent data bases and patent libraries. Computerized patent data bases (Table 10) usually contain all front page information of a patent or patent application, such as patent number, applicant, inventor, filing and priority date, title of the invention and the abstract, in some cases also the patent claims. Full copies of selected patents can be ordered from national patent libraries or from the patent office. 

TOPER AG (the Topological Fragment Code Generator program for chemical structure access to the Derwent patents data base) (26). 

Other organi2ations have assumed important positions in the field of patent documentation. IFl/Plenum Data Corp. (formerly Information for Industry) began in 1955 to index U.S. chemical patents by the Uniterm Index system. Uniterm indexing was eventually extended back to 1950. The acquisition in 1971 of Du Font s in-house indexing system and staff resulted in a more powerful system, the Comprehensive Data Base (CDB), which now covers U.S. chemical patents frommid-1964 to date. 

The Patent Activity Data Base was developed to provide better tracking and follow-up of this critical activity. The course of a patent disclosure from the time it is first disclosed until a patent is issued or it is abandoned can be a complicated process stretched over a time period of several years. Monitoring the status of the patent disclosures of a large research organization over this period of time is a formidable task. The Patent Disclosure Tracking Data Base was developed to centralize the stored information on patent disclosures in a searchable and retrievable form. This data base consists of two data files illustrated in Table I. The first is the... 

Table I. Patent Disclosure Tracking Data Base...

Administrative applications of data base management systems patent activity data base, 19 patent disclosure tracking data base, 19t... 

In addition to DBT and BT, strain A11-2 could utilize methyl, dimethyl, and trimethyl DBTs as sulfur sources. The desulfurization of asymmetric alkylated DBTs was assessed to understand the sulfur specificity of this organism. It was shown to desulfurize several asymmetric alkyl DBTs up to C3-DBTs. It was shown that the rates of desulfurization depended on not only the position of alkyl substitution but also the number and length of alkyl substitution. An attempt was made to co-relate the data based on a molecular shape parameter. Selectivity of this organism was compared with R. erythropolis KA2-5-1 and, although clear differences were observed, the parameter fitting was not perfect. Two Paenibacillus strains, Paenibacillus sp. A11-1 and All-2, were patented [87] and were deposited as PERM BP-6025 and PERM BP-6026 in 1996 [122,123],... 

Tasaka S, Omori H, Tanabe H, Gomi N, Kiue A (2001) 1,4-Dihydropyridine derivatives. EP Patent 1055 672, JP Patent 2000044559, US Patent 6306853, WO Patent 1999041250. (Synthline data base entry no. 282013)... 

In addition to contracting for research on the pharmaceutical R D process, OTA sought out other sources of data bearing on costs of R D and returns to the industry from these activities. Data availability was a major problem, particularly data on domestic and worldwide sales of new drugs introduced to the U.S. market during specific time intervals. OTA was able to purchase limited data on domestic sales from IMS America, Inc., a market research firm specializing in surveys of pharmaceutical purchases and prescriptions, but was required to rely mainly on a sales data analysis conducted for other purposes by the Food and D r u g A d ministration. OTA was also able to contract with Stephen Schondelmeyer of Purdue University to provide a report on pharmaceutical sales for drugs that have recently lost patent protection based on IMS America data. 

Beilstein Abstracts (http //www.chemweb.com/data bases/belabs) is one of the most important databases in organic chemistry due to its completeness (although not for patent data). It is clearly data-oriented. About 300 different physical properties can be searched and retrieved for each compound, if they are reported in the literature. Full access to the database is restricted, but Beilstein Abstracts is available free through ChemWeb (author, title or abstracts are searchable). 

Using the developed (IPDSS— http //wheeljet.com.tw), the target patent number is set as TP(xi) and xi = US5714247 to download the document from USPTO. The extracted patent metadata is stored in the IPDSS s data-base as MD(xi). The developed system automatically analyzes 19 claims of the target patent which contain 3 independent claims as lC(xi) and 16 dependent claims as DC(xi) to help R D engineer to interpret the scope of the intellectual property. Afterward, the system analyzes the structure of the independent claims by identifying the preamble. 

The optimal fermentation conditions are also related to the strain used and are generally not disclosed in detail by industry. Again, reasonable assumptions may be made based on laboratory and patent data. 

AB STRACT The paper reviews the basic principles, technical implementation of the hyperbolic tree, and its shortcomings in apphcation of patent analysis. And then, the paper designs and realizes three applications of the hyperbohc tree to visualize the patent data for improving the data utilization efficiency of the patent citations, patent families and patent claims. For the patent citation visualization, the user-concerned patent citations are added into the h)q)erbolic tree for display based on the users demands, and the tree hierarchy is not limited, which expends the applications of the hyperbolic tree in the patent citations. For the patent family visualization, the priority node and state mode are estabhshed, so that his users could quickly and easily access where the patent being does anal d have the family, what is the priority date, and which country the patent is from . For the patent claim visualization, the independent claims and the dependent claims are merged into the hyperbohc tree, thus the users could easily understand the contents of the independent claims and the dependent claims, and their dependencies. 

Figure 12. Recovery and purity versus the iso fraction purge to feed ratio for a PSA separation of n/iso-paraffins based on patent data of Minkkinen et al. [3]. Simulations are performed with equilibria, kinetic and a fixed bed model shown in this work.

Recently, a series of chemical substances called functional dyes have attracted considerable attention. Because such dyes have long conjugated pi-electron systems and in many cases possess intramolecular charge transfer structures, functional dyes are expected to show interesting optical and electronic properties. Among functional dyes, phthalocyanine compounds have been extensively investigated because of their excellent physical, chemical and coloristic properties, as mentioned above. For example, about 1000 related US patents, published from 1990 onwards, are retrievable from the World Patent Index data base of Derwent, and more than 30 % of these are classified in such non-colorant applications as electrophotography, catalysis, and infrared radiation absorption. 

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