Pasteurella multocida infection

Effects noted in study and corresponding doses Time-weighted average doses (as mg U/kg/day) calculated by the authors from fluid intake data were males 0.05, 0.20, 0.88,4.82, and 28.70 mg U/kg/day females 0.49, 1.32, and 43.02 mg U/kg/day. Four males showed evidence of Pasteurella multocida infection and were excluded from the study. Two other males in the highest dose groups died prematurely, one from apparent mucoid enteritis and one from apparent acute renal failure. Two others were removed after developing hairball obstructions of the GI tract. No evidence of Pasturella infection... 

I Bite-wound infections generally are polymicrobial. On average, five different bacterial species can be isolated from an infected animal bite wound.3 Both the normal flora of the biter s mouth and that of the bite recipient s skin can be implicated. The bacteriology of the cat and dog mouth is quite similar. Pasteurella multocida, a gram-negative aerobe, is one of the predominant pathogens, isolated in up to 50% of dog and 75% of cat bites. S. viridans are the most frequently cultured bacteria from human bite wounds.3,43 Table 70-10 provides a comprehensive list of cat, dog, and human bite-wound pathogens. 

The infected dog bite is usually characterized by a localized cellulitis and pain at the site of injury. The cellulitis usually spreads proximally from the initial site of injury. If Pasteurella multocida is present, a rapidly progressing cellulitis with a gray malodorous discharge may be encountered. 

Pasteurella infections (Pasteurella multocida) Bacteremia and meningitis... 

Pasteurella multocida Abscesses bacteremia meningitis wound infections (animal bites] Penicillin G A cephalosporin doxycycline amoxicillin/ clavulanate trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole... 

Harper, M., Boyce, J.D., Cox, A.D., St. Michael, F., Wilkie, I.W., Blackall, P.J., Adler, B., Pasteurella multocida espresses two lipopolysaccharide glycoforms simultaneously, but only a single form is required for virulence identification of two acceptor-specific heptosyl I transferases. Infect Immun 75 (2007) 3885-3893. 

A unique HAS enzyme occurs in the virus that infects an algae Pasteurella multocida (pmHAS) that is quite different from all other HA synthases [94]. This is in a class by itself and will not be considered further. 

All bite wounds (either animal or human) should be irrigated thoroughly with large volumes of sterile normal saline, and the injured area should be immobilized and elevated. Infections developing within the first 24 hours after a dog or cat bite are caused most often by Pasteurella multocida and should be treated with penicillin or amoxicillin for 10 to 14 days. Infections developing more than 36 to 48 hours after an animal bite are most likely caused by staphylococci or streptococci and should be treated with an antistaphylococcal penicillin or cephalosporin. 

Aerobic and anaerobic streptococci from skin and oral flora. Infection of animal bites additionally may be caused by Pasteurella multocida, which is penicillin-sensitive... 

Bagley KC, Abdelwahab SF, Tuskan RG et al. Pasteurella multocida toxin activates human monocyte-derived and murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro but suppresses antibody production in vivo. Infect Immun 2005 73(I) 4I3-421. 

Infections arising from cat bites or scratches are frequently (75%) caused by P. multocida, which has been isolated in the oropharynx of 50% to 70% of healthy cats. Mixed aerobic and anaerobic infections have been reported in 63% of cat bite wounds, whereas approximately one-third of cultures grow aerobes only. Both tularemia Pasteurella tularensis) and rabies also have been transmitted by cat bites. ... 

---