Particulate discharges

Particulates discharged from an operation consist of a size distribution ranging anywhere from extremely small particles (less than 1 pm) to very large particles (greater than 100 pm). Particle size distributions are usually represented by a cumulative weight fraction curve in which the fraction of particles less than or greater than a certain size is plotted against the dimension of the particle. 

Potential source Particulate discharge (kg/tonne pulp) ... 

Commercial production of methyl -butyl ether began in 1979, shortly after the discovery of its octane-improving capability for motor fuels. Although a higher proportion of this additive was required for equivalent octane enhancement, it was less costly and eliminated the lead particulate discharges associated with the tetraethyl lead previously used (Chap. 18). By 1984 it ranked 49th in American volume of production and jumped to 12th by 1995, an... 

Are the particulates discharged into receiving waters a sink or a source of contaminants in aquatic environments ... 

Solution. Many process systems require more than one piece of equipment to accomplish a given task, e.g., recovery of a gaseous or particulate discharge from a reactor. The efficiency of each individual collector or equipment may be calculated using the procedure set forth in the previous example. The overall efficiency of multiple collectors may be calculated from the inlet stream to the first unit and the outlet stream from the last unit. It may also be calculated by proceeding sequentially through the series of collectors. 

Sinter machine discharge Particulate matter Multiple cyclones, baghouse, or low-energy wet scrubber... 

Waste streams Cater for routine and emergency, safe discharge of all waste streams, e.g. atmospheric venting, possibly after treatment, discharge of liquid effluents including out-of-specification streams, discharges of particulate or bulk solids... 

Air emissions at point of discharge should be monitored continuously for fluorides and particulates and aimually for ammonia and nitrogen oxides. Monitoring data should be analyzed and reviewed at regular intervals and compared with the operating standards so that any necessary corrective actions can be taken. Records of monitoring results should be kept in an acceptable format. The results should be reported to the responsible authorities and relevant parties, as required. 

Particulate matter is the principal air pollutant emitted from ammonium sulfate plants. Most of the particulates are found in the gaseous exhaust of the dryers. Uncontrolled discharges of particulates may be of the order of 23 kg/t from rotary dryers and 109 kg/t from fluidized bed dryers. Ammonia storage tanks can release ammonia, and there may be fugitive losses of ammonia from process equipment. 

Ammonium Sulfate Plants - In ammonium sulfate plants, use of fabrie filters, with injeetion of absorbent as neeessary, is the preferred means of eontrol. Discharges of not more than 0.1 kg/t of produet should be attainable for particulate matter. 

Raw material input to petroleum refineries is primarily crude oil however, petroleum refineries use and generate an enormous number of chemicals, many of which leave the facilities as discharges of air emissions, wastewater, or solid waste. Pollutants generated typically include VOCs, carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SOJ, nitrogen oxides (NOJ, particulates, ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (HjS) metals, spent acids, and numerous toxic organic compounds. 

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