Parents relationships

Without a doubt, the criminality associated with use of drugs such as heroin and cocaine, is an important aspect of these children s vulnerability since it exposes them to violence and to dangerous people. However it is not the whole of it. The heart of the problem for children is that they come second to their parents relationship with drugs, and as a result they miss out on many of the most mundane, yet also the most valued, nurturing experiences. The next and final section comes full circle to the compulsivity at the heart... 

The overriding sense one gets from these descriptions is of children who are sidelined by their parents relationship with drugs. The best they seemed to be able to hope for was the small window of time when their parents drug intake had reached a plateau allowing them to operate on a relatively even keel. It was at these times that parents were most likely to attend to their children ... 

Time and time again, these children and young people referred to their expectations of parental relationships of care and protection, and how significant the lack of it was to them. For example, this 13-year-old girl describes her understanding of what parental boundaries signal in terms of feeling cared for ... 

In child custody cases, protracted fact finding can also modify what cs the child s 1 merest. Since courts place great emphasis on the continuity of the child-parent relationship, (here is a presumption, which grows stronger as the case drags on, in favor of the parent who has lemporaiy custody. 

There is an enormous sense of security that comes from being so deeply anchored in the parental relationship. 

Conditional and Joint Pmbability Distributions In addition to its graphical structure, a Bayesian network needs to be speerfied by the conditional probability distribution of eaeh node given its parents. Let A and D be variables of interest with a direct causal (parental) relationship in Example 11.6. This relationship can be represented by a conditional probabUity distribution P D A) which represents the probabilistic distribution of child node D given the information of parent node A. When both child and parent nodes arc discrete variables, a contingeney table can summarize the conditional probabdities for aU possible states given each of its parent node states. For continuous variables, a eonditional probability density function needs to be defined. For the combination of continuous and discrete nodes, a mixture distribution, for example, mixture normal distribution, will be required (Imoto et al., 2002). 

Figure 12 The three pentane isomers obtained with McKay s orderly algorithm and the -tuple code. Hydrogen atoms are not represented. All atoms are carbons and can have up to four bonds. Parent-child and child-parent relationships are indicated with arrows. Canonical w-tuples are written in parentheses. At each layer, a bond and a new atom are added. The added atom is represented by a solid node. The last bond/atom in the canonical -tuple is represented by a dashed line and is underlined in the canonical n-tuple. A graph is rejected when its legitimate parent is not the graph it came from. This case develops when the added bond/atom is not the last digit of the canonical -tuple (the dashed line is not linked to the solid node).

Kumar, S. and A. Seth, 1998. The design of coordination and control mechanisms for managing joint venture-parent relationships. Strategic Management Journal 19 579-599. 

The driver study of Harano et al. (1975) failed to demonstrate the predictive power of psychometric tests, however. Highly contrasted samples of 231 male drivers having had no accidents and 195 male drivers with a minimum of three accidents within a three-year period were studied in detail in order to determine factors related to accident involvement. Information was collected concerning biographical and driving-related data, personality traits and attitudes, parental relationships, perceptual style, perceptual motor coordination, and driving simulator performance (see Tab. 5.14). 

A clearly positive association between mother s age, years of secondary education of both parents, mother s and father s workplace, parental relationship, marital status and maternal WAIS and the total HOME score was observed. Perinatal variables - with the exception of oxygen use which was of borderline significance - had no statistically significant relationship to HOME score (Table 7). 

The advantages of SIMS are its high sensitivity (ppm detection limit for certain elements), its ability to detect hydrogen and the emission of molecular fragments which often bear tractable relationships with the parent... 

Several relationships aid in deducing the empirical formula of the parent ion (and also molecular fragments). From the empirical formula hypothetical molecular structures can be proposed, using the entries in the formula indices of Beilstein and Chemical Abstracts. 

Exact Mass Differences. If the exact mass of the parent or fragment ions are ascertained with a high-resolution mass spectrometer, this relationship is often useful for combinations of C, H, N, and O (Table 1.15b) ... 

Daughter ion. An electrically charged product of a reaction of a particular parent ion. In general, such ions have a direct relationship to a particular precursor ion and, indeed, may relate to a... 

Historically, the discovery of one effective herbicide has led quickly to the preparation and screening of a family of imitative chemicals (3). Herbicide developers have traditionally used combinations of experience, art-based approaches, and intuitive appHcations of classical stmcture—activity relationships to imitate, increase, or make more selective the activity of the parent compound. This trial-and-error process depends on the costs and availabiUties of appropriate starting materials, ease of synthesis of usually inactive intermediates, and alterations of parent compound chemical properties by stepwise addition of substituents that have been effective in the development of other pesticides, eg, halogens or substituted amino groups. The reason a particular imitative compound works is seldom understood, and other pesticidal appHcations are not readily predictable. Novices in this traditional, quite random, process requite several years of training and experience in order to function productively. 

Elucidation of the stmctural requirements for dmg interaction at the recognition site is by the study of stmcture—activity relationships (SAR), in which, according to a specific biologic response, the effects of systematic molecular modification of a parent dmg stmcture are determined. Such studies have permitted the classification of discrete classes of pharmacological receptors. For example, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine acts at both peripheral and central receptors which are of at least three distinct types. The effects of acetylcholine are mimicked in smooth and cardiac muscles and secretory... 

Steroids (1) are members of a large class of lipid compounds called terpenes that are biogenicaHy derived from the same parent compound, isoprene, C Hg Steroids contain or are derived from the perhydro-l,2-cyclopentenophenanthrene ring system (1) and are found in a variety of different marine, terrestrial, and synthetic sources. The vast diversity of the natural and synthetic members of this class depends on variations in side-chain substitution (primarily at C17), degree of unsaturation, degree and nature of oxidation, and the stereochemical relationships at the ring junctions. 

Parent substances and metaboHtes may be stored in tissues, such as fat, from which they continue to be released following cessation of exposure to the parent material. In this way, potentially toxic levels of a material or metaboHte may be maintained in the body. However, the relationship between uptake and release, and the quantitative aspects of partitioning, may be complex and vary between different materials. For example, volatile lipophilic materials are generally more rapidly cleared than nonvolatile substances, and the half-Hves may differ by orders of magnitude. This is exemplified by comparing halothane and DDT (see Anesthetics Insectcontholtechnology). 

The results of the study should allow decisions on whether injury is a direct result of toxicity or secondary to other events. In addition to confirming a causal relationship between exposure to the test material and development of an injury, the study should be reviewed in order to assess whether information is available to determine if the effect is traceable to parent material or metaboUte. 

The need for simple names to describe complex structures has been met in several ways, the most straightforward of which is to use a trivial name giving little or no structural information e.g. morphine, opuntiol). Such names are.often based on the Latin name of the species from which the compound was isolated e.g. opuntiol from Opuntia eliator). While this is acceptable for a newly isolated compound of unknown structure, it is less satisfactory once the structure is established. What is needed is some means of establishing the relationship of the compound to others in the same class, without going into too much detail with regard to structure and stereochemistry. This can be achieved by defining, for a particular group of structures, a parent structure. 

Always specific crystallographic relationship between martensite and parent lattice. 

Fig. 8.8. Martensites are always coherent with the parent lattice. They grow os thin lenses on preferred planes and in preferred directions in order to cause the least distortion of the lattice. The crystallographic relationships shown here ore for pure iron.

Correlations with o in carboxylic acid derivative reactions have been most successful for variations in the acyl portion, R in RCOX. Variation in the alkyl portion of esters, R in RCOOR, has not led to many good correlations, although use of relative rates of alkaline and acidic reactions, as in the defining relation, can generate linear correlations. The failure to achieve satisfactory correlations with cr for such substrates may be a consequence of the different steric effects of substituents in the acyl and alkyl locations. It has been shown that solvolysis rates of some acetates are related to the pA", of the leaving group, that is, of the parent alcohol. The pK of alcohols has been correlated with but this relationship... 

At least four series of periodates are known, interconnected in aqueous solutions by a complex series of equilibria involving deprotonation, dehydration and aggregation of the parent acid H5IO6 — cf. telluric acids (p. 782) and antimonic acids (p. 577) in the immediately preceding groups. Nomenclature is summarized in Table 17.24, though not all of the fully protonated acids have been isolated in the free state. The structural relationship between these acids, obtained mainly from X-ray studies on their salts, are shown in Fig. 17.24. H5IO6 itself (mp 128.5° decomp) consists of molecules of (HO)sIO linked into a three-dimensional array by O-H - O bonds (10 for each molecule, 260-278 pm). 

Soil reaction (pH) The relationship between the environment and development of acid or alkaline conditions in soil has been discussed with respect to formation of soils from the parent rock materials. Soil acidity comes in part by the formation of carbonic acid from carbon dioxide of biological origin and water. Other acidic development may come from acid residues of weathering, shifts in mineral types, loss of alkaline or basic earth elements by leaching, formation of organic or inorganic acids by microbial activity, plant root secretions, and man-made pollution of the soil, especially by industrial wastes. 

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