Parallel operation procedures

Introduction DG set Operating parameters Theory of operation Guidelines on the selection of a DG set Types of loads Starting of a DG set Proteetion of a DG set Parallel operation Procedure of parallel operation Recommended protection for a synchronizing scheme Load sharing by two or more generators Total automation through PLCs... 

What is very important in process development is the personnel overlap when changing the scale of the process. The head of the team that is to continue the development of a process should be involved in the research on smaller scale. Also, an important member or head of the team in the smaller scale research should participate in the further step(s) of process development. Often, a parallel operation of teams is required instead of operation in series. A pilot plant, mostly composed of existing equipment items in a company, is often required as the final step in process development. A verification of procedures and models is usually not necessarily the main objective of pilot studies. The most common reason for manufacture at pilot scale is the production of kilograms of the product for market purposes and toxicity tests. A close interaction between chemists and chemical engineers is necessary at all stages of process development. 

During the software IQ the developer will produce a plan for installing the software in the target environment as specified by the technical requirements specification deliverable. The resources and information necessaiy to install the software product must be determined and be made available. The developer must assist the system owner and maintenance personnel with the setup activities where the installed software product is replacing an existing system, the developer must support any parallel operation activities required by the contract. The installation plan and procedures must be documented. 

The operational answers that the Navy needs can only be found in that part of the Navy devoted to doctrinal questions—the Navy Warfare Development Command. This command appears to be proactive and innovative in analyzing what the Navy should be doing in the near term as well as the long term with respect to both fleet operational procedures and priorities for headquarters actions and acquisition. Reportedly, NWDC seeks to stimulate parallel development of warfare concepts, supporting technology, and the requisite doctrine to effectively employ any new operational capability inherent in the concept. 

The second most important criterion is compatibility. Are the CRO s procedures and practices compatible with the sponsor s Is the chemistry between the CRO and sponsor good The sponsor should examine the CRO s standard operating procedures (SOPs) and talk with CRO staff to determine not only whether the CRO is meeting the requirements of good clinical practices (GLP), but also whether its practices closely parallel the sponsor s. CROs sometimes claim they can work according to the sponsor s SOPs , but the results are likely to be disappointing if the two companies have vastly different approaches or use incompatible technologies. 

The starting point for the development of automation concepts was in analytical routine laboratories (e.g. analytical R D and quality control) dealing with high numbers of samples routinely to be analyzed by the application of standardized operation procedures [349]. In parallel, the first robot systems for research were developed and these combine the key technology of liquid handling with the movement of items through a defined space. 

Performance Qualification (PQ) demonstrates the consistent operation of the system once released for operational use. The scope of PQ for an information system is described in Table 7.8. During the PQ period, it is preferable that legacy systems and/or manual systems are operated in parallel. This approach is not without difficulty, and the strategy for parallel operation must be carefully planned. PQwill require the collation of records, such as change control, operator logs and so on across many sites. The procedures and responsibilities for the collection of records in support of PQ must be established in advance of system cutover. Further, the PQ review team must be determined to ensure that personnel are available to conduct the review, considering the pressures that will be exerted by the business to divert resources onto the next project. 

Process development activities are planned to run parallel to each other to the greatest extent possible. Standard operating procedures, guidelines, and protocols need to be in place for aU key activities, from lab scale until commercialization. The activities are micromanaged through project management tools. In this section we discuss various key factors associated with process development and their impact on the product quality and yield. Instead of discussing the complete synthetic sequence of any particular product, we illustrate typical problems that could arise in any development process with real-life case studies from our experience. 

This information can be obtained automatically from the CPN model through the construction of an occurrence graph. Such graph contains all reachable states of the model from a given initial state. It can then be examined for a research of potentially parallel and concurrent paths from one state to the other. This information can be helpful for determining alternative operation procedures as well as for the detection of non determinism in the choice of possible paths. The occurrence graph for the presented model is shown on Figure 5. 

In reality, this function is done in parallel with the previous steps. It involves writing standard operating procedures, developing training modules, defining recordkeeping needs, drafting production records, and the like. 

In an attempt to obtain more consistency with mass transfer theory, the transfer unit concept has been proposed. The number of gas-phase transfer units (Nqg) be calculated by the Souders and Brown procedure using the absorption factor [11]. This equation assumes linear, although not parallel, operating line and equilibrium curve. 

What had been accomplished in the field of gas defense was paralleled in other fields of air raid protection. Large industrial plants had developed operational procedures which promised to avert serious disruption of production in consequence of aerial attack. Fire-fighting organizations had become acquainted with the characteristics of incendiary bombing, against which defensive measures were introduced. State and municipal plans for evacuation,... 

The laboratory studies utilized small-scale (1-5-L) reactors. These are satisfactoiy because the reaction rates observed are independent of reac tor size. Several reac tors are operated in parallel on the waste, each at a different BSRT When steady state is reached after several weeks, data on the biomass level (X) in the system and the untreated waste level in the effluent (usually in terms of BOD or COD) are collected. These data can be plotted for equation forms that will yield linear plots on rec tangular coordinates. From the intercepts and the slope or the hnes, it is possible to determine values of the four pseudo constants. Table 25-42 presents some available data from the literature on these pseudo constants. Figure 25-53 illustrates the procedure for their determination from the laboratory studies discussed previously. 

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