Papermaking and finishing

On a heavy tonnage basis, cellulose is important as a raw material in the production of wood pulp and paper. See also Papermaking and Finishing. 

PAPERMAKING AND FINISHING. One of the most important factors in the progress of civilization has been paper, a thin flat tissue composed of closely matted fibers obtained almost entirely from plant sources. In modern life paper finds a variety of uses, for writing, for containers, wrappers, wall covering, and—perhaps most important—in all forms of printing newspapers, magazines, books. 

The processing of recycled paper is essentially the same as the production of paper from virgin fibers once the feed slurry is made. See article on Papermaking and Finishing and Pulp (Wood) Production and Processing. 

Margaret M. Isselmann, E. I. Du Pont de Nemours A Co., hie., Wilmington, DE. h[lp //w ww.dupont.com/ag/. Information Retrieval Jtpi Jaakkola, Paper Machine Product Manager, Valmet Corporation. Charlotte. NC. http //wwiv.valmei.com/, Papermaking and Finishing... 

Uses Dispersant for nonwoven bonding, textile finishing and coating, and papermaking and finishing Properties Liq. 

Uses. Most of the melamine produced is used ia the form of melamiae—formaldehyde resias (see Amino resins and plastics). Other appHcations (63) iaclude the use of melamine pyrophosphate [15541 -60-3] ia fire retardant textile finishes, chloriaated melamine as a bactericide, and melamine as a tarnish inhibitor in detergent compositions, in papermaking, and manufacture of adhesives. 

Emulsifiers - [PROPYLENE OXIDE] (Vol 20) -m defoamers [DEFOAMERS] (Vol 7) -in dye baths [DYE CARRIERS] (Vol 8) -as food additives [FOOD ADDITIVES] (Vol 11) -in paint removers [PAINT - PAINT AND FINISH REMOVERS] (Vol 17) -m papermaking [PAPERMAKING ADDITIVES] (Vol 18) -for pesticides [PESTICIDES] (Vol 18) -frompolyammes [DIAMINESAND HIGITERAMINES ALIPITATIC] (Vol 8) -sorbitan fatty esters as [SUGAR ALCOHOLS] (Vol 23) -sulfonated mat ls for [SULFONATION AND SULFATION] (Vol 23) -use m cosmetics [COSMETICS] (Vol 7) -use m dairy substitutes [DAIRY SUBSTITUTES] (Vol 7)... 

Uses Antifoam for papermaking and paper finishing defoamer for coating coiors for paper coatings Features Effective in aq. media Etingai L [BASF AG]... 

Defoamers. Foam is a common problem in papermaking systems (27). It is caused by surface-active agents which are present in the pulp slurry or in the chemical additives. In addition, partially hydrophobic soHd materials can function as foam stabilizers. Foam can exist as surface foam or as a combination of surface foam and entrained air bubbles. Surface foam usually can be removed by water or steam showers and causes few problems. Entrained air bubbles, however, can slow drainage of the stock and hence reduce machine speed. Another serious effect is the formation of translucent circular spots in the finished sheet caused by permanently entrained air. 

The objectives in the final stage of the total papermaking system are to improve the paper surface, to reduce rolls and sheets in size, to modify paper for special properties, such as coat or emboss, to convert to finished products, such as bags and corrugated boxes, and to package for shipping. 

Formuia Al2(OH)nCI, n = 1-5 Uses Coagulant and flocculant for industrial water, wastewater, potable water treatment, sewage/plant effluent treatment, paper processing applies. alum replacement in alkaline papermaking processes fire-resist, ceramic paste binder alumina fiber raw material catalyst raw material textile finishing agent food-contact applies. 

Properties of starch esters depend on the type of an esterifying agent applied, conditions of the reaction, and a DS. The esterified starches have found applications in the food industry, papermaking industry, in pharmacy, and have been used for the production of thickening agents and for permanent finishing of fabrics [57],... 

Paper stock (or furnish) may consist of a mixture of cellulose, filler (for example clay, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate), rosin, alum and water brought together in predetermined proportions. The percent of fiber and other furnish materials suspended in the total volume and weight of water is commonly known as consistency . Control of furnish consistency in the stock preparation and papermaking area is a prime prerequisite of paper making. The Fourdrinier paper machine was developed for the specific purpose of converting this paper furnish into a finished reel of paper on a continuous basis. 

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