Melamine pyrophosphate

Melamine and Other Amine Phosphates. Three melamine phosphate commercial products have been reported (60) including melamine orthophosphate [20208-95-17, H O P, [41583-09-9] aH O P dimelamine orthophosphate and melamine pyrophosphate [15541-60-3] ... 

Uses. Most of the melamine produced is used ia the form of melamiae—formaldehyde resias (see Amino resins and plastics). Other appHcations (63) iaclude the use of melamine pyrophosphate [15541 -60-3] ia fire retardant textile finishes, chloriaated melamine as a bactericide, and melamine as a tarnish inhibitor in detergent compositions, in papermaking, and manufacture of adhesives. 

MP (1) Melamine pyrophosphate (2) Me 3-(3,5-di-t< /t-buty 1-4- PeBDPO Pentabromodiphenyl oxide (see penta-BDE)... 

The experimental weight loss in the first and second step (4.0 and 4.5% respectively) is in agreement with that corresponding to condensation to pyrophosphate (4.0%) and polyphosphate (4.2X, n 1). Furthermore, the IR spectra of melamine phosphate and of the residues at 300 and 330 C (Figure 14 spectra A, B and C respectively) show that besides the typical bands of phosphate salts (950-1300 cm-1) which are present in the three spectra, a new absorption due to P-O-P bonds (ca. 890 cm-1) appears in the spectra of the residues. The absorptions due to melamine salt structures (e.g. 780-790 and 1450-1750 cm ) are closely similar in the three spectra of Figure 14. Fire retardants based on melamine pyrophosphate and polyphosphate are reported in the literature 51 as well as methods for preparation of these salts (25-... 

Phosphorus additives red phosphorus, phosphate esters, ammonium polyphosphate, melamine phosphates, melamine pyrophosphate. Some of them are halogenated. 

FLAME RETARD ANTS - PHOSPHORUS FLAME RETARDANTS] (Vol 10) Melamine pyrophosphate [15541-60-3]... 

There are several classes of amine phosphates commercially available to flame retard a wide variety of polymeric substrates, both natural and synthetic.24 A classic example is the three variations of melamine phosphate melamine orthophosphate, dimelamine orthophosphate, and melamine pyrophosphate. Of these, the pyrophosphate is the least soluble and the most thermally stable. Melamine orthophosphate is converted to the pyrophosphate upon heating, with the loss of water. All the aforementioned variations are available as finally divided solids, are used commercially in coatings, and have utility in a wide variety of thermoplastics and thermosets (mostly presented in the patent literature). 

In halogen-free polyamides, when the zinc borate is used in conjunction with red phosphorus, it cannot only display synergy in fire retardancy but also impart corrosion resistance toward metals such as copper.57 It is believed that zinc borate can trap trace amounts of phosphine derived from red phosphorus. Martens et al. reported the use of zinc borate in conjunction with melamine pyrophosphate in glass reinforced polyamide 6,6 to achieve V-0 (1.6mm). The partial replacement of melamine pyrophosphate with zinc borate can increase the CTI from 250 to 600 V.58... 

The main components of intumescent compositions are most often a polyacid, a carbon source, and an expansion agent. In some cases, the carbon source is the host polymer itself and the expansion process is generated by the decomposition products of the polymer or the acid source, e.g., melamine pyrophosphate (MPP). The most frequent polyacid used is APP. Polymers such as those mentioned above are generally preferred rather than polyols due to exudation, water solubility, and difficulties with processing for the filled polymer. Several studies mention the use of OMMT as a nanofiller introduced in the polymer playing the role of carbon source. In other studies, the silicate is blended with all the components of the flame-retarded polymer. 

A munber of nitrogen derivatives of phosphoric and polyphosphoric acid (ammonium polyphosphate, melamine pyrophosphate) are used for improving the flame retardance of polyurethanes and other polymers. In thermal decomposition these compounds produce ammonia and the corresponding phosphoric acids which catalyze dehydration and other reactions, causing polymer dehydration during combustion. The coke produced in this process is more or less foamed. Ammonium polyphosphate and melamine pyrophosphate are added to compositions of intumes-cent coatings used for fire protection of various structural elements in construction... 

Chem. Descrip. Melamine pyrophosphate Chem. Analysis N (36%) P2O5 (33%)... 

Aeroguard MP. See Melamine phosphate Aeroguard MPP. See Melamine pyrophosphate... 

Fyrol MC. See Melamine cyanurate Fyrol MP. See Melamine phosphate Fyrol MPP. See Melamine pyrophosphate Fyrolfl ( RDP. See Resorcinol bis (diphenylphosphate)... 

Melamine, polymer with formaldehyde. See Melamine-formaldehyde resin Melamine pyrophosphate CAS 15541-60-3 Formula 2C3H6N6 H4O7P2 Properties Solid sol. 0.09 g/100 ml water Uses Flame retardant additive for polymers, latex intumescent coating formulations thermally stable Manuf./Distrib. Akzo Nobel http //www.akzonobei.com. Anhydrides Chems. http //www.broadview-tech.com. Great Lakes http //www.greatiakeschem.com, Miljac http //www.miijac.com, StanChem http //WWW. aibi. com... 

Hexabromocyclododecane Triaryl phosphate flame retardant, latex intumescent coatings Melamine phosphate Melamine pyrophosphate flame retardant, LDPE... 

Melamine phosphate Tetrabromo-p-xylene Tetrakis (2-chloroethyl) ethylene diphosphate Triethyl phosphate flame retardant, polyimides Ethylenebis (tetrabromophthalimide) flame retardant, polymeric nylon Poly (pentabromobenzyl) acrylate flame retardant, polymeric PBT Poly (pentabromobenzyl) acrylate flame retardant, polymeric PET Poly (pentabromobenzyl) acrylate flame retardant, polymeric PP Poly (pentabromobenzyl) acrylate flame retardant, polymeric PS Poly (pentabromobenzyl) acrylate flame retardant, polymers Ammonium octamolybdate Dimelamine phosphate Ethylene diamine phosphate Melamine borate Melamine pyrophosphate Polydibromophenylene oxide Tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate flame retardant, polymethyl methacrylate Dimelamine phosphate Diphenyl octyl phosphate... 

Dabrowski and co-workers [27] further observed that RHR during LOI measurement of the formulations containing 30% melamine pyrophosphate FR is strongly reduced (by about 90%) when compared with values obtained for virgin or short glass... 

DuPont have patented a flame retardant composition based on melamine pyrophosphate, with or without zinc borate, for use in a number of thermoplastic resins (US Patent 5859099). 

Several recent patents concern thermoplastic polyesters for electrical goods. DuPont has disclosed a moulding composition for PBT, to which is added a reinforcement and a mixture of melamine pyrophosphate with an aromatic phosphate oligomer. The physical properties are reported to be good (EP 903370). 

A recent DuPont patent discloses a novel way of making condensed melamine phosphates. Melamine pyrophosphate made in this way is claimed to have improved thermal stability. Budenheim is another leading producer of melamine compounds, such as melamine phosphate (Budit 310, 312), and pyrophosphate (Budit 311). The latter is an effective low-cost flame retardant with a low water solubility and good thermal stability. It is used in glass filled polyamides. 

Melamine Phosphates and Other Amine Phosphates. Commercial products in this group include melamine orthophosphate [20208-95-1], CsHeNe H3O4P, and melamine pyrophosphate [15541-60-3], 2C3H6N6 H4O7P2. The pyrophosphate, available from Cytec, Chemische Fabrik Budenheim, and Broadview Technology, is less water-soluble (0.09 g/100 mL water) and also more thermally stable. These are available as finely divided solids and used principally in flame-retardant coatings (58), although plastic and elastomer applications also show promise (59). A detailed study of the thermal decomposition of the these compoimds has been published (60). 

Melamine pyrophosphate Akzo Nobel Fyrol MPP ABS, Polyethylene, Polypropylene, UFf, UFr... 

Melamine and its derivatives are effective fire retardants for pure nylons because they provoke melt dripping and extinction of the flame without combustible drops, whereas the melamines are ineffective in the reinforced nylon-6 [143]. In the framework of a systematic mechanistic study of halogen-free fire retardant nylon-6, combustion performance and thermal decomposition behavior of non-reinforced nylon-6 with added melamine, melamine cyanurate, melamine oxalate, melamine phthalate, melamine pyrophosphate or dimelamine phosphate were studied [144],... 

The combustion behavior of melamine pyrophosphate and dimelamine phosphate are different from those of melamine and the other melamine salts (Table 3.4.1). The former are ineffective at low concentrations (> 15%) and become effective at a loading of 20-30% because the intumescent char is formed on the surface of burning specimens. The mechanism of fire retardant action of both melamine pyrophosphate and dimelamine phosphate is similar to that of APP since, by analogy with ammonia melamine volatilizes, whereas the remaining phosphoric acids produce esters with nylon-6, which are precursors of the char [146]. Some part of the freed melamine condenses probably forming melem and melon [147]. 

Melamine partially evaporates from the composition nylon-6 /melamine (30%), whereas the other part condenses giving 8% of solid residue at 450OC. Similar, but behavior with more thermostable residue is shown by melamine cyanurate. Melamine pyrophosphate like dimelamine phosphate [146] gives about 15% of thermostable char. 

Melamine Flame Retardants Melamine is a unique product with 67 wt% nitrogen in the molecule and fairly high thermal stability. Melamine also forms thermally stable salts with strong adds. Melamine itself, melamine cya-nurate, melamine phosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, and melamine polyphosphate are commercially available for various flame retardant applications. The mechanism of flame retardant action of melamine is different from the mechanism of melamine salts or may be part of the mechanism of action of ihe salts. In addition, melamine phosphates have specific advantages because of the presence of phosphorus in the molecule. 

Flame retardant fillers for poly(imide) (PI)-based adhesive compositions consist of melamine polyfphosphate) and melamine pyrophosphate. This type of filler improves the flame retardancy of the material. The usage in Pl-based adhesive compositions has been described (6). 

Melamine polyfphosphate) is preferable for high temperature conditions. In contrast, melamine pyrophosphate exhibits the loss... 

Isophthaloyl dihydrazide, 169 p-Isopropenyl-o-cresol, 224 Isopropyl percarbonate, 66 Kaolin, 26, 122 Kaolinite, 27 Lignite, 90 Linoleamide, 109 Lithium hydroxide, 32 Lithium silicate, 133 Lysine diisocyanate, 148 Lysozyme, 67 Magnesium carbonate, 27 Magnesium hydroxide, 27, 73, 74, 224 Maleic anhydride, 81, 100, 220, 242 Melamine diphosphate, 82 Melamine pyrophosphate, 29... 

Fang K, Li J, Ke C, Zhu Q, Zhu J, Yan Q (2010) Synergistic effect between a novel hyperbranched flame retardant and melamine pyrophosphate on the char forming of polyamide 6. Polym Plastics Technol Eng 49 1489-1497... 

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