Paper titanium dioxide

Many common metallic impurities in paper, particularly compounds of some of the transition metals, contribute to degradation of cellulose by hydrolytic or oxidative reactions. The more important in commercial papers are iron and copper compounds, whereas some others such as magnesium compounds have been observed to exert protective effects (7). It is clearly desirable that the content of undesired metallic ions be kept low in permanent papers. Titanium dioxide, commonly used as a filler, has been observed to promote degradation by photochemical reactions. The predictive potential of metallic content in relation to permanence, however, does not allow the setting of permissible limits at the present time. 

The most familiar compound of titanium is no doubt responsible for the white color of this paper. Titanium dioxide, or more correctly, titanium(IV) oxide (Ti02), is a highly opaque substance used as the white pigment in paper, paint, linoleum, plastics, synthetic fibers, whitewall tires, and cosmetics (sunscreens, for example). Over one million tons is used annually in these and other products. Titanium(IV) oxide is widely dispersed in nature, but the main ores are rutile (impure Ti02) and ilmenite (FeTi03). Rutile is processed by treatment with chlorine to form volatile TiCU, which is separated from the impurities and burned to form Ti02 ... 

Titanium Tetrachloride. The major use for titanium tetrachloride [7550 5-0] is in titanium dioxide production, and titanium dioxide [13463-67-7] is enjoying strong growth for use as a filler in pulp and paper manufacture and as a pigment in paint and plastic manufacture. Annual growth for this product is forecasted at between 2.5 and 3.0% through 1992. 

Though functionally and chemically similar, fillers and pigments ate distinguished from one another in that fillers are added at the wet end of the paper machine, and serve to fill the sheet pigments are added at the size press and serve to alter the surface of the sheet. The most common fillers are mineral pigments, eg, clay, titanium dioxide [13463-67-7] calcium carbonate, siUca [7631-86-9], hydrated alumina [21645-51 -2], and talc [14807-96-6]. 

Use. Titanium dioxide is mainly used in the production of paints and lacquers (55—60%), plastics (15—20%), and paper ( 15%). Other apphcations include the pigmentation of printing inks, mbber, textiles (qv), leather, synthetic fibers, ceramics, white cement, and cosmetics. 

Titanium and compounds SPA Titanium dioxide Astronautics Paint Paper... 

In the 1970s, textbook publishers (and other entrepreneurs) found that adding titanium dioxide to paper as a filler and whitener enormously increased its opacity (Figure B). This allowed for the use of thinner paper without having the type "bleed" from one side to the other. Perhaps this explains, at least in part, why most chemistry textbooks today (but not this one) run to a thousand pages or more. 

The most common oxidation state of titanium is +4, in which the atom has lost both its 4s-electrons and its two 3d-electrons. Its most important compound is tita-nium(IV) oxide, Ti02, which is almost universally known as titanium dioxide. This oxide is a brilliantly white (when finely powdered), nontoxic, stable solid used as the white pigment in paints and paper. It acts as a semiconductor in the presence of light, and so it is used to convert solar radiation into electrical energy in solar cells. 

During the investigation of the structure of brookite, the orthorhombic form of titanium dioxide, another method of predicting a possible structure for ionic compounds was developed. This method, which is described in detail in Section III of this paper, depends on the assumption of a coordination structure. It leads to a number of possible simple structures, for each of which the size of the unit of structure, the space-group symmetry, and the positions of all ions are fixed. In some cases, but not all, these structures correspond to closepacking of the large ions when they do, the method further indicates... 

Making paper without pollution requires that each part of the process be nonpolluting. The chemicals most commonly used in the production of pulp are NaOH and Na2 S. In modem paper mills, sulfur-containing by-products are scmbbed from the plant exhaust, and the aqueous sodium hydroxide is reclaimed and recycled. The fillers used to make paper opaque—titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, and kaolin (a clay)—are natural, nonpolluting minerals. The polymer binders and sizers are relatively easy to recapture from the aqueous waste stream. 

Titanium dioxide is brilliant white, highly opaque, chemically inert, and nontoxic. Consequently, it finds wide uses as a pigment in paints and other coatings, in paper, sunscreens, cosmetics, and toothpaste. Almost all white-colored commercial products contain Ti02. ... 

In practical applications, adequate coagulants should be chosen based on the quality of the floated scum (i.e., recovered titanium dioxide and fiber mixture), which is intended to be reused in the paper manufacturing process. The reused titanium dioxide and fibers should not adversely affect the quality of the paper. 

White-colored correction fluids like Liquid Paper and White-Out contain the pigment titanium dioxide (Ti02) and the volatile solvent 1,1,1-trichloroethane or methyl chloroform (CCLCFL). The volatile substances in the correction fluid contribute 50% of the total volume of the product. Correction fluid thinner is simply 100% 1,1,1-trichloroethane solvent,I added to redissolve any solidified titanium dioxide. 

Basics Why is Ti02 Used in Paper Millenium Chemicals, http //www.millenniumchem.com/Products+and+Services/Products+by+Type/ Titanium+Dioxide+-+Paper/r Paper+Basics/... 

DuPont Ti-Pure Titanium Dioxide. http //www.dupont.com/tipure/paper/index.html... 

Fletcher A new process proposed for making titanium dioxide pigment from ilmenite, based on its dissolution in hydrochloric acid. Developed by Fletcher Titanium Products, a subsidiary of Fletcher Challenge, a large paper company in New Zealand, based on original... 

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