Paper sludge ash

Keywords Paper sludge ash, interlocking block, polymer latex, W/C ratio, moisture absorption, flexural strength. 

Figure 14.1 Effect of medium-size particles on compressive strength of DSP material. Mixing ratio cement microsihca medium-size particles=7 1 2. FA, fly ash PSA, paper sludge ash BX=calcined bauxite GBFS= granulated blast furnace slag.

Ash is a chemically stable inorganic material. Thus, there is a potential for their application as a construction material. Possible applications of ashes reported in the literature include asphalt, cement concrete block, road construction, and melt slag (1-3). Recently, we carried out studies on the possible application of ashes from incinerated paper sludges for interlocking blocks. Acrylic latex was employed to improve the properties of cement mortar or concrete modified with ashes. Our results are partly reported in this paper. 

Material Ordinary Portland cement was used in the experiment. Chemical composition and physical properties of the cement are given in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively. Aggregates used in the experiment was standard sand satisfying Korean Standard L 5100. Ash from incineration of paper sludge was investigated in this study especially. Chemical composition of the ash is given in Table 3. From the composition of the ash, it can be... 

Pyrolysis of Pulp and Paper Sludge. The filter cake containing about 80% moisture was supplied for the cracking reactor without predrying. Heavy oil was fed to the incinerator as the auxiliary fuel. This is different from the case of municipal refuse, but the combustible gas composition and calorific value, flue gas composition and ash were similar to that of municipal refuse. The chemical analysis of combustible gas and flue gas are shown in Tables IX and X. 

Miller, WP University of Georgia Study waste streams from the poultry production (manure/litter), pulp and paper (sludges and ashes), and electric utility (fly ash/bottom ash) industries in Georgia CRIS/USDA 2001... 

Paper sludge has traditionally been disposed of by landfilling, composting, incorporation into cement, and incineration. The latter option, in turn, creates another problem, namely, disposal of the resulting ash, which often makes up to 50% (and sometimes as much as 80% or higher) of the volume of the sludge itself. 

The principal components of ash are calcium carbonate— in the form of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) or ground calcium carbonate (GCC)—that typically constitutes 20% and up to 75% of dry sludge content, and clay. These two minerals are typically loaded into paper as a coating and filler to improve the mechanical characteristics as well as the appearance of paper. The resulting papermaking sludge, particularly mixed office paper sludge, consists primarily of two major components, that is, fiber and minerals finely mixed with each other. 

Pera, J., and Ambroise, J., Pozzolanic Properties of Metakaolin Obtained from Paper Sludge, 6th CANMET/ACI Int. Conf. on Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag and Natural Pozzolans in Conor., (V. M. Malhotra, ed.), SP-178 1007-1020 (1998)... 

The materials normally used as fuels to produce heat energy are plastics, leather, paper, paint, sludge, and emulsions. The materials commonly used as substitute inputs are the ashes from waste incineration [waste-to-energy (WTE)], as well as... 

The advantages of fluidized bed incinerators include simple compact design, low cost, high combustion efficiency, low gas temperatures, and large surface area for reaction. The disadvantages are the ash removal and carbon that build up in the bed. They are mainly used in petroleum and paper industries, wood chips, and sewage sludge disposal. 

Paper Dust, Wood Fines, Sander Dust, Boiler Ash Incinerator Ash, Refuse Fines, Mixed Refuse, Dried Sludge... 

Ashes from incinerated paper industries sludges were studied for their potential use in cement concrete interlocking block. Addition of ashes induced an increase of the water/cement ratios and moisture absorption and a decrease of the flexural strength of cement mortar or concrete. However, such disadvantages could be overcome by adding polymer latex and the interlocking blocks containing ashes met the Korean Standard. 

The ambient air dryer as shown in Figure 20.56 has been tested by a manufacturer for a variety of materials including solids (bark, wood chips, and sugarcane residues), pastes (wood pulp, pulp and paper mill sludge), and powders (ash and fly ash). Table 20.24 presents representative data on ambient air drying of various wastes from paper mills [85],... 

Stock usually the best dewatering stock component used at the paper machine is selected in order to Hmit the size of the disc filter. In addition to cloudy and clear filtrate, disc filter save-aU applications also produce a superclear filtrate with very low solids content This superclear filtrate is used as a fresh water substitute for spray apphcations in the paper machine. The clear filtrate is stored in a buffer tank. The cloudy filtrate is usually fed directly back to the inlet of the disc filter, the used sweetener, including the recovered stock, is fed back to the thick stock in the approach flow system. DAF (dissolved air flotation) type save-alls are used in older machines and nowadays when a certain degree of ash and fines removal from the process is demanded. In this case, the sludge of the DAF is rejected. The advantages of a disc filter save-all compared to a DAF save-all are higher filtrate quahty, no chemical consumption and less space requirements (see Sections 4.2.62 and 4.2.9). 

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