Paper packaging material

TriantafiUou, V. I., Akrida-Demertzi, K., and Demertzis, P. G., Migration studies from recycled paper packaging materials development of an anal3dical method for rapid testing. Anal Chim. Acta, A(n, 253-260, 2002. 

Disposable products, particularly plastic and paper packaging materials, are not disposed of properly by the consumers. 

Applications. Biphenyl is permitted in some countries for the preservation of citrus fruit surfaces with declaration. To protect fruits it is applied by impregnating the wraps or sheets between fruits and/or cardboard paper packaging material (1-5 g biphenyl/m ). Due to its high vapour pressure some biphenyl is frequently found on the citrus skin up to the maximum permissible level (e.g. in the EC of 70 mg/kg fruit). In the past biphenyl was... 

Khwaldia K, Arab-Tehrany E, Desobiy S (2010) Biopolymer coatings on paper packaging materials. Compr Rev Food Sd E 9(1) 82-91. doiilO.l 11 l/j.l541-4337.2009.00095.x... 

Secondary Fiber. Increasing costs of taw fiber, legislative mandates for recycling (qv), and avadabdity of inexpensive waste papers have contfibuted to the increased use of recycled fibers. The use of secondary fiber in the United States has grown from 22% of pulp from all sources in 1978 to close to 31% (24 x 10 metric tons) in 1993 (3). Recycled fibers ate sometimes used in special writing papers, but the principal use is for the manufacture of linetboatd, newsprint, tissue, cereal boxes, towels, and molded paper products such as paper plates and egg cartons (see Packaging materials, containers AND INDUSTRIAL materials). 

Vinyl compares favorably to other packaging materials. In 1992, a lifecycle assessment comparison of specific packages made from glass, paperboard, paper, and selected plastics concluded that vinyl was the material that has the lowest production energy and carbon dioxide emissions, as well as the lowest fossil fuel and raw material requirements of the plastics studied (169). Vinyl saves more than 34 million Btu per 1000 pounds manufactured compared to the highest energy-consuming plastic (170). 

As with textiles the principal reasons for the coloring paper are for aesthetic appearance and utihtarian purposes. Aesthetic appearance includes colored background for printed material, colored writing papers, colored household products to harmonize with interior decor, and many other diverse uses dictated by individual tastes. Utihtarian purposes include identification of multicopy forms, identification of manufacturer or marketer of specific materials or products, opaqueness or hiding power of packaged material, or to control consistency of paper manufactured from various colored raw materials. 

Common packaging materials are a potential source of aggressive substance s, and careful selection is recommended to avoid surface deterioration. Where paper is in contact with aluminium, the chloride content should be below 0-05 7o, sulphate content below 0-25 7o, copper content below 0-01% and the pH of aqueous extracts in the range pH 5-5-7-5, in order to avoid corrosion in damp conditions. Papers and felts used in building applications should also conform to this specification as a minimum requirement and be of the highest quality, since metallic copper found in materials of inferior origin can result in severe local galvanic attack of aluminium. 

Packaging materials Materials to be used in contact with metals should be as free as possible from corrosive salts or acid. BS 1133, Section 7 1967 gives limits for non-corrosive papers as follows chloride, 0-05% (as sodium chloride) sulphate, 0-25% (as sodium sulphate) and pH of water extract 5 -5-8 0. Where there is doubt, contact corrosion tests may be necessary in conditions simulating those in the package. 

This paper organizes some of the how and why of flexible package-food product interactions by discussing a few specific examples of food packaging development, as well as some overall factors of packaging material application. 

Among the commonly used flexible packaging materials, aluminum foil probably provides the most complete permeation barrier while paper is the most permeable. Although aluminum foil provides a barrier to moisture, gas, grease, and light, it usually needs protection from the contents of the package and from the environment since it is a soft metal and subject to chemical attack. 

Paper is one of the oldest and most commonly used packaging materials. Generally it is used to keep a product clean and for mechanical strength when combined with other materials. It does not protect a product from atmospheric change, but only from mechanical contaminants such as dirt. Coated papers are much more functional. Waxed papers fall into this category and provide much better protection from moisture and, in some cases, from gas (oxygen) transmission. 

The efficacy of ethylene oxide treatment depends upon achieving a suitable concentrahon in each article and this is assisted greatly by the good penetrating powers of the gas, which diffuses readily into many packaging materials ineluding mbber, plastics, fabric and paper. This is not without its drawbacks, however, since the level of... 

Formaldehyde gas for use in sterilization is produced by heating formalin (37% wA aqueous solution of formaldehyde) to a temperature of 70-75°C with steam, leading to the proeess known as LTSF. Formaldehyde has a similar toxicity to ethylene oxide and although absorption to materials appears to be lower similar desorption routines are leeommended. A major disadvantage of formaldehyde is low penetrating power and this limits the packaging materials that eanbe employed to principally paper and eotton fabrie. 

D. Other Packages Using Paper-Based Materials... 

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