Building applications

Building applications Building material Building materials... 

An Assessment of Thermal Insulation Materials and Systemsfor Building Applications, DOE Report, BNE-S0862 UC-9Sd, U.S. Dept, of Energy, Washington, D.C., 1978 R. P. Tye and D. L. McElroy, eds., ASTM STP 718, Thermal Insulation Peformance, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa., 1980, pp. 9—26. 

The bulk of bituminous materials are used for road making and building applications which are outside the scope of this book. Only a very small percentage is used in moulding compositions and few data have been made publicly available concerning the properties of these compositions. 

Da.skalaki E. Natural convection heat transfer coefficients from vertical and horizontal surfaces for building applications. Energy and Buddings, vol. 20, no.. T, 1994. 

Used mainly for refrigeration and cold-water services, also low-temperature tankage. When laminated to suitable facings is employed in building applications. 

Common packaging materials are a potential source of aggressive substance s, and careful selection is recommended to avoid surface deterioration. Where paper is in contact with aluminium, the chloride content should be below 0-05 7o, sulphate content below 0-25 7o, copper content below 0-01% and the pH of aqueous extracts in the range pH 5-5-7-5, in order to avoid corrosion in damp conditions. Papers and felts used in building applications should also conform to this specification as a minimum requirement and be of the highest quality, since metallic copper found in materials of inferior origin can result in severe local galvanic attack of aluminium. 

Hill, R. H., Frost, P. C. and Smith, R. Various Aspects of Weathering and Corrosion of Lead in Building Applications , in PB83 Ed. Proc. 8lh Ini. LeadConf., Lead Development Association, London, 103 (1985)... 

Fuel cells can be highly efficient in generating electricity on-site as well as providing waste heat. Building applications are in the demonstration phase and offer security of electricity supply. 

Currently there is still one important effect that cannot be treated analytically or numerically this is the heat transfer in a subcooled PCM. The subcooled state is not a state of thermodynamic equilibrium and can therefore not be described by any of the models described above. If salthydrates find widespread application for building applications in the future, this problem will have to be solved as even 1 or 2 °C of subcooling can have a mayor effect on system performance. 

Table 2.28 Recent market shares for some exterior building applications in Western Emope (%)...

Sulfur Emissicms Sulfur present in a fuel is released as SO2, a known contributor to acid rain deposition. By adding limestone or dolomite to a fluidized bed, much of this can be captured as calcium sulfate, a dry nonhazardous solid. As limestone usually contains over 40 percent calcium, compared to only 20 percent in dolomite, it is the preferred sorbent, resulting in lower transportation costs for the raw mineral and the resulting ash product. Moreover, the high magnesium content of the dolomite makes the ash unsuitable for some building applications and so reduces its potential for utilization. Whatever sorbent is selected, for economic reasons it is usually from a source local to the FBC plant. If more than one sorbent is available, plant trials are needed to determine the one most suitable, as results from laboratory-scale reactivity assessments are unreliable. 

The USDOE leads a heavily-funded, wide-ranging HFC programme, working closely with its national laboratories, universities, other federal agencies and industry partners to overcome critical technical barriers to fuel cell commercialization. Current R D is focused on the development of reliable, low-cost, high-performance fuel cell system components for transportation and buildings applications. 

Building applications -of EPDM [ELASTOMERS, SYNTHETIC - ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE-DIENE RUBBER] (Vol 8)... 

Flame Resistance. Traditionally, small-scale laboratory flammability tests have been used to initially characterize foams (38). However, these do not reflect the performance of such materials in bulk form. Fire characteristics of thermal insulations for building applications are generally reported in the form of qualitative or semiquantitative results from ASTM E84 or similar tunnel tests (39). Similar laiger scale tests are used for aircraft and marine applications. 

Chemically bonded materials of medium density based on straw, grass or bagasse for interior building applications such as wall and ceiling panelling ... 

Chemically bonded dense and cellular materials based on waste gypsum for interior building applications such as acoustic ceiling tiles ... 

ASTM E 2599 Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Reflective Insulation and Sheet Radiant Barriers for Building Applications... 

A continuous FRP panel manufacturer has been able to formulate a translucent panel that can meet the Euroclass B,Sl,dO requirements and have had the panels certified in Europe for building applications. 

Situations of this type arise for example in some building applications in which heat is transferred across an insulation-filled enclosure. 

The supplement to the building application for the construction of a disinfestation installation as Building XII in the fur and garment workshops in Lublin for the sum of 70,000 RM (Reichsmark), with a request for approval and preparation of the means and raw material quotas is hereby enclosed in annex according to the scale of the order of 27 June 1942. The Polish entrepreneurial prices will be determined during the cost estimate. 17... 

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