Paper from bagasse

Celdecor A process for making paper from straw or bagasse. The fiber is digested in aqueous sodium hydroxide and bleached with chlorine. The essential feature is that the alkali and chlorine are used in the proportions in which they are made by the Chlor-Alkali process. 

Yang, W., Lan, C., and Lian, H., High Quality Paper Products from Bagasse, Proc. Sugar Processing Research Conf, 274-285, 2000. 

Considering that the main discussion nowadays is about the prices of the electricity surplus from bagasse-origin cogeneration, this paper intends to evaluate these figures using Thermoeconomic Analysis concepts. 

Production The most important sources of crude C. are cotton and bast plants flax, ramie, jute, hemp (at present still very small amounts) for the textile industry and wood for the paper and pulp industry, in smaller amounts from bagasse. The isolation of C. from wood needs a series of processes in order to separate C. from lignin and polyoses. 

Identified during control of effluent from the manufacturing of bleached pulp and paper from sugarcane bagasse [1788]. 

Insulation Boa.rd. The panel products known as insulation board were the earliest commodity products made from fibers or particles in the composite panel area. These are fiber-base products with a density less than 500 kg/m. Early U.S. patents were obtained in 1915 and production began soon thereafter. The initial production used wood fiber as a raw material, but later products were made of recycled paper, bagasse (sugar cane residue), and straw. Schematics of the two major processes still ia use are shown ia Figure 4. 

The main carbon source for production of SCP is petroleum. It has been practised in many companies around the world. Other potential substrates for SCP include bagasse, citrus wastes, sulphite waste liquor from pulp and paper, molasses, animal manure, whey, starch, sewage and agricultural wastes. 

Potential resources of xylans are by-products produced in forestry and the pulp and paper industries (forest chips, wood meal and shavings), where GX and AGX comprise 25-35% of the biomass as well as annual crops (straw, stalks, husk, hulls, bran, etc.), which consist of 25-50% AX, AGX, GAX, and CHX [4]. New results were reported for xylans isolated from flax fiber [16,68], abaca fiber [69], wheat straw [70,71], sugar beet pulp [21,72], sugarcane bagasse [73], rice straw [74], wheat bran [35,75], and jute bast fiber [18]. Recently, about 39% hemicelluloses were extracted from vetiver grasses [76]. 

Wood and wood waste includes residues from the forest and the mill. Bark, sawdust and other mill wastes are all suitable fuels. Agricultural residues include corncobs, sugar cane bagasse (the stalks after processing), leaves, and rice hulls. MSW materials include paper products, cloth, yard wastes, construction debris, and packaging materials. 

Other products of sugar cane are edible sirup, blackstrap molasses, and invert molasses. Promising by-products, largely undeveloped as yet, include wax and aconitic acid from the filter press mud, and paper or building board from the expended, processed fiber, bagasse. 

The pulp and paper industries use three types of raw materials, namely, hard wood, soft wood, and nonwood fiber sources (straw, bagasse, bamboo, kenaf, and so on). Hard woods (oaks, maples, and birches) are derived from deciduous trees. Soft woods (spruces, firs, hemlocks, pines, cedar) are obtained from evergreen coniferous trees. 

Bagasse -microbial transformations [MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATIONS] (Vol 16) - [SUGAR - CANE SUGAR] (Vol 23) - [PAPER] (Vol 18) -cellulose source [CELLULOSE] (Vol 5) -fuel from [FUELS FROM WASTE] (Vol 12) -as fuel resource [FUEL RESOURCES] (Vol 12) -fuel for steam prdn [STEAM] (Vol 22)... 

BAGASSE. In the manufacture of sugar from sugar cane, the crushed fibers from which the sap has been expressed are called bagasse. Its principal use is as a fuel to run the mills that crush the cane. For this purpose bagasse is mixed with petroleum oil. It is also used as a fertilizer and to some extent in manufacturing heavy insulation board and coarse paper. 

Venter, J.S.M Van der Klashorst, G. H. The Recovery of By-Products and Pulping Chemicals from Industrial Soda Bagasse Spent Liquors. Paper presented at TAPPI Environmental Conference, Portland, OR, April 1987. 

---