Canal Panama

A tugboat escorts a cargo ship in the Panama Canal. (Corbis Corporation)... 

Joint ventures such as the revitalization of the Panama Canal Railway—a 47-mile railroad running parallel to the Panama Canal and connecting ports on the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans—should be more common. Kansas City Southern Railroad and Mi-... 

From a consideration of Table 3.10, a copper-phosphorus steel might be chosen for its resistance to corrosion in the critical tidal and splash zone. However, the variation of corrosion resistance is much greater than the difference between various alloy steels so it is improbable that low-alloy steels will corrode more slowly than mild steel in most practical environments. This conclusion is supported by Forgeson etal. who concluded from extensive tests in fresh and salt waters of the Panama Canal Zone that Proprietary low-alloy steels were not in general more resistant to underwater corrosion than the mild unalloyed carbon steel . ... 

There are some who have argued that without the use of Cinchona extracts, and later synthetic quinine analogues, world history over the past two centuries would have taken a very different course. It is argued that the use of quinine to treat malaria (and to a lesser extent yellow fever) facilitated colonialisation by western European countries of territories that would have been too hostile for foreigners with little natural resistance to parasitic-induced fevers. For example, the Panama Canal might not have been built without access to quinine. The outcome of the American Civil War has even been speculated upon because the successful blockade of the Confederate ports caused severe shortages of quinine so the Confederate Armies were debilitated by fevers. 

Areas without known chloroquine-resistant P falciparum are Central America west of the Panama Canal, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Egypt, and most malarious countries of the Middle East. Malarone or mefloquine are currently recommended for other malarious areas except for border areas of Thailand, where doxycycline is recommended. 

A mining or materials handling comparison is given in Figure 2. The amount of material mined in the existing commercial oil sand plant is approximately 50 million tons/yr. It has been estimated that by the time that the oil sand industry reaches a modest level of maturity, this will have increased to 500 million tons/yr. This is equivalent to building a St. Lawrence Seaway or Panama Canal every nine months. 

Longstanding ties between Marine Midland and Panama were reflected in the fact that a former board member of Marine Midland Bank, Coudert Brothers lawyer Sol Linowitz, negotiated the Carter Administration s recent treaty concerning the Panama Canal. 

Early in this century, much concern about use of marijuana was aroused in the Panama Canal area. The Army s investigative body came to the same conclusions as the 1894 Indian Hemp Commission that Cannabis is comparatively innocuous, that it s not addictive, etc. Another commission established soon after in New Orleans produced the same findings. The most famous of all these investigative bodies, the LaGuardia Commission, reported in 1943 on the use of marijuana in New York City with the same results. 

Europe soybean oils used in soaps glycerin sought for making explosives for Panama Canal project and printer s inks oil additionally used in rubber substitutes and linoleum flooring. 

Twenty-one civilians in NDRC Division 10 boarded a troop ship in New Orleans in February 1944, which joined other ships to form a convoy that sailed at about six miles (10 km) per hour toward the Panama canal, a trip that should have taken between one and two weeks to complete. However, the ship crossed the Caribbean Sea several times, as Noyes said, and the confusion and amazement of the NDRC men were expressed in letters written home by John Otvos and Bob Mills. 

Sea water samples were collected from (a) Chesapeake Bay at the Patuxent Naval Air Station at high tide with salinity of the samples varying between 9%c and 16%o and pH between 7.9 and 8.2 (b) the Atlantic Ocean about 30 km east of Ocean City, Md., salinity 31%c, pH 8.2 (c) the Caribbean Sea oflF Coco Solo, Panama Canal Zone, salinity 32.8%. and (d) the Gulf of Mexico, 350 km WNW of Key West, Fla., salinity 35.4%., pH 8.1. The particulate material found in natural sea water samples was concentrated and separated from the bulk of the water sample by centrifugation at 18,000 g. 

Ships in the Miraflores locks on the Panama canal. Photograph by Will and Demi McIntyre. National AadLibon Society Cc lection/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission. 

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