PAH toxicity

In addition to the above criteria pollutants, one finds in the air a host of other gaseous and particulate pollutants, generally designated as hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), or simply air toxics. The US EPA identified 189 HAPs. Of course, not all HAPs are related to fossil fuel usage. Examples of fossil fuel HAPs are products of incomplete combustion (PIC), volatile organic compounds (VOC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), toxic metals (e.g., Hg, Pb, Cd,... 

Lee JH, Landrum CH, Koh CH. 2002. Prediction of time-dependent PAH toxicity in Hyalella azteca using a damage assessment model. Environ Sci Technol 36 3131-3138. 

A critical review of the post-September 11, 2001 literature has resulted in a specific focus on studies that have revealed eritical neural signaling/activity pathways and the identification of primary targets of PAH toxicity, as well as toxicity modifiers. It is hoped that as a result of this review, the interdisciplinary conduct of simultaneous temporal measurements of relevant markers and integrative analysis of critical signaling processes during development will increase two-fold such that a better understanding of the mechanism of PAH exposure-induced neurotoxicity results. 

Adverse health symptoms resulting from acute exposure to PAHs were rarely reported in humans. So far, no therapeutic agents have been developed to counteract PAH toxicity. Law enforcement personnel and deployed defense personnel... 

S.A. Diamond, D.R. Mount (1998). Evaluating the role of photo-activated PAH toxicity in risk assessment. SETAC News, Learned Discourses, 18,17-18. 

Keywords sampling air water soil biota VOCs OCPs PAHs toxic metals extraction preconcentration... 

Gu, M.B. Chang, S. X Soil biosensor for the detection of PAH toxicity using an immobilized recombinant bacterium and a biosurfactant. Biosens Bioelectron. December 2001, 16(9-12), 667-674 [pah]. 

Oxidative stress is probably implicated in PAHs toxicity in bivalves. This is corroborated by the PAHs metabolic pathways found in invertebrates which give rise to oxidative products. Effects and responses nught be tissue, dose and pollutant-specific and necessitate further elucidation, hmnunotoxic effects of PAHs on bivalves are also possible and further research in this domain should be encouraged. Finally, specific lysosomal alterations and other histopathological lesions may also be proven useful for development of a PAHs-focused biomarker. 

Okay OS, Tolun L, Tufekci V, Telli-Karakoc F, Donkin P (2006) Effects of pyrene on mussels in different experimental conditions. Environ Int 32 538-544 Okay OS, Ozdemir P, Yakan SD (2011) Efficiency of butyl rubber sorbent to remove the PAH toxicity. J Environ Sci Health Part A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 46 909-913 Orbea A, Garmendia L, Marigomez I, Cajaraville MP (2006) Effects of the Prestige oil spill on ceUular biomarkers in intertidal mussels results of the first year of studies. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 306 177-189... 

PAHs affect the organisms in different ways, since some species are more sensitive to these contaminants than others. Thus, for a better comprehension of the PAHs toxic potentiality it must be considered their effects over several species, in different trophic levels. 

The toxicity of soils contaminated with PAHs was evaluated by laboratory assays in vivo test), using four different plant species Zea mays L., Hordeum vulgare L., Sinapis alba L. and Helianthm annus L.). The authors considered that the root length was the parameter that best answered to the toxicity tests, being barley Hordeum vulgare L.) the most sensitive specie among all the species tested, which indicates that this specie can be characterized as an efficient test-organism for PAHs toxicity assay (Smreczak and Maliszewska-Kordybach, 2003). 

Carcinogenic Assessment of Pahs Toxic Effect of Pahs... 

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