Packaging boxes

Outer Packaging Box with a flammable liquid transport label Inner Packaging Plastic bottle with GHS hazard warning label ... 

Safety Guards — An overhead guard must be used as protection against falling objects such as small packages, boxes, etc. It is not meant, however, to withstand the impact of a faUing capacity load. 

Packaging for Crossfire. (A) Outer packaging box. (B) N -Vac barrier packaging used for gamma stenlization of... 

FABRICATED PACKAGED MEAT. With the advent of the refrigerator car, meat was shipped in exposed halves, quarters, or wholesale cuts, and divided into retail cuts in the back rooms of meat markets. But this traditional procedure leaves much to be desired from the standpoints of efficiency, sanitation, shrink, spoilage, and discoloration. To improve this situation, more and more packers are fabricating and packaging (boxing) meat in their plants, thereby freeing the back rooms of 200,000 supermarkets. 

Fiberboard boxes Fiber bonding resins Fiber boxes Fiber braiding Fiber can packaging Fiber diffraction... 

Nonfood packaging categories include dmgs and pharmaceuticals, textile goods, bags (merchandise, shipping, carry-out, T-shirt, and laundry), shrink wrap, stretch wrap, clear boxes, and many more. 

Eresh fmit and vegetable packaging is often in bulk in a variety of traditional wooden boxes and crates, and cormgated fiberboard cases. At or near the retail level, bulk produce may be repackaged in oxygen-permeable flexible materials such as PVC, with or without a tray of foamed polystyrene. 

Nylon films are used in lamination or coated form to ensure heat sealabiHty and enhance barrier properties. The largest uses are as thermoforming webs for twin-web processed meat and cheese packagiag under vacuum or in an inert atmosphere. Other uses include bags for red meat, boil-ia-bags, bag-in-box for wine, and as the outer protective layer for aluminum foil in cookie and vacuum coffee packages. 

A small quantity of flexible packaging material, usually oriented polypropylene, shrink polypropylene, or polyethylene, is used to overwrap paperboard cartons. The film is wrapped around the carton and sealed by heating. Products such as boxed chocolates, candies, and cookies are overwrapped, sometimes by a printed film. 

In commercial practice, packaging is produced from continuous web on intermittent-motion thermoforming/die-cut machines. The web edge is clamped and conveyed into a heating box. If a plastic with a narrow softening temperature is used, heating is carefully controUed from top and bottom. 

In addition to these uses related to crop production, hydrocarbons are used extensively in packaging, particularly in plastic films and to coat boxes with plastic and (to a much lesser extent) wax. Polymeric resins derived from hydrocarbons are also used to make trays and cases for deflvery of packaged foodstuffs (see Eilmand sheeting materials Packaging Paper). 

Packaging. Most LDPE is packaged in railway hopper cars of 63.5 t capacity, although tmcks of 20 t capacity are also used. Conversely, smaller quantities are packaged either in 500-kg boxes or in 25-kg paper or polyethylene bags. 

Cast films provide a high clarity, heat sealable film and are primarily used as an overwrap for boxes and other packaging. These films have a lower density than cellophane and provide a longer product shelf life. Properties of polypropylene films are given in Table 12. 

The designs and varieties of boxes that can be constmcted and used in chemical packaging are many. This flexibiUty in design is possible because boxes are manufactured with minimal tooling expense under specifications that are unique to each order, but which are subject to various material specifications for meeting freight and shipping requirements. 

J. J. Batelka, Corrugating Medium—Its Influence on Box Plant Operations and Combined Board Properties and Package Performance, Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Adanta, Ga., 1993. 

Standard 0.25 or 0.50 lb (227 g) tin coated cans are used for packaging Hquid with neutral and mildly alkaline base formulas polypropylene is used for acid—base removers. Steel and polypropylene dmms are used for industrial removers. Viscous removers are packaged in removable top containers. Dry caustic removers are packaged in bag-lined boxes or fiber dmms. 

Secondary Fiber. Increasing costs of taw fiber, legislative mandates for recycling (qv), and avadabdity of inexpensive waste papers have contfibuted to the increased use of recycled fibers. The use of secondary fiber in the United States has grown from 22% of pulp from all sources in 1978 to close to 31% (24 x 10 metric tons) in 1993 (3). Recycled fibers ate sometimes used in special writing papers, but the principal use is for the manufacture of linetboatd, newsprint, tissue, cereal boxes, towels, and molded paper products such as paper plates and egg cartons (see Packaging materials, containers AND INDUSTRIAL materials). 

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