Toluene p-

M.p. B.p. Picrate M.p. Acetyl deiiv. M.p. Benzoyl deriv. H.p. Benzene sulph. Onyl deriv. M.p. Toluene p-sulph> onyl deny. M.p. Phenyl urea deriv, M.p. 

Choice of solvent for recrystallisation. Obtain small samples (about 0 5 g.) of the following compounds from the storeroom (i) salicylic acid, (Li) acetanilide, (iii) m-dinitrobenzene, (iv) naphthalene, and (v) p-toluene-sulphonamide. Use the following solvents distilled water, methylated spirit, rectified spirit, acetone, benzene and glacial acetic acid. 

Dinltro-benzoate Phenyl-ureldo Acid p-Toluene- sulphonate 2 4-Dlchloro-phenoxy-acetate a-Napbthyl-ureldo Acid Phthalyl Derivative... 

The sulphonation of toluene at 100-120° results in the formation of p-toluene-sulphonic acid as the chief product, accompanied by small amounts of the ortho and meta isomers these are easily removed by crystallisation in the presence of sodium chloride. Sulphonation of naphthalene at about 160° 3uelds largely the p-sulphonic acid at lower temperatures (0-60°) the a-siil-phonic acid is produced almost exclusively. 

Amins B.P. M.P. Methlodids PIcrate Methyl p-toluene- sulphonate Other Derivatives... 

No cresol is obtained if sodium hydroxide alone is used, presumably because the fused sodium hydroxide has no solvent action upon the sodium p-toluene-sulphonate. Potassium hydroxide alone gives excellent results, as do also mixtures of Sodium and potassium hydroxide containing not less than 28 per cent, of potassium hydroxide. The experimental details utilise the minimum amount of potassium hydroxide for the salce of economy. 

Mix 1 0 g. of the phenol with 2 5 ml. of pyridine, add 2 g. of p-toluene-sulphonyl chloride, and heat on a water bath for 15 minutes. Pour into 25 ml. of cold water and stir until the oil solidifies. Filter, wash with cold dilute hydrochloric acid (to remove pyridine), with cold dilute sodium hydroxide solution (to remove any phenol present), and then with cold water. Recrystallise from methyl or ethyl alcohol. 

Methyl p-toluenesulphonate. This, and other alkyl esters, may be prepared in a somewhat similar manner to the n-butyl ester with good results. Use 500 g. (632 ml.) of methyl alcohol contained in a 1 litre three-necked or bolt-head flask. Add 500 g. of powdered pure p-toluene-sulphonyl chloride with mechanical stirring. Add from a separatory funnel 420 g. of 25 per cent, sodium hydroxide solution drop by drop maintain the temperature of the mixture at 23-27°. When all the alkali has been introduced, test the mixture with litmus if it is not alkaline, add more alkali until the mixture is neutral. Allow to stand for several hours the lower layer is the eater and the upper one consists of alcohol. Separate the ester, wash it with water, then with 4 per cent, sodium carbonate solution and finally with water. Dry over a little anhydrous magnesium sulphate, and distil under reduced pressure. Collect the methyl p-toluenesulphonate at 161°/10 mm. this solidifies on cooling and melts at 28°. The yield is 440 g. 

A solution of trifluoroacetic acid in toluene was found to be advantageous for cydization of pyruvate hydrazoncs having nitro substituents[4]. p-Toluene-sulfonic acid or Amberlyst-15 in toluene has also been found to give excellent results in preparation of indole-2-carboxylale esters from pyruvate hydra-zoiies[5,6J. Acidic zeolite catalysts have been used with xylene as a solvent to convert phenylhydraziiies and ketones to indoles both in one-flask procedures and in a flow-through reactor[7]. 

Similarly, 5-thiazole alkanoic acids and their salts are obtained from thioamides and /3-halo -y-keto acids (695). Thus thioarylamides condensed with 3-aroyl-3-bromopropionic acid (88) in isopropanolic solution in the presence of Na COs give first 4-hydroxy-2-aryl-A-2-thiazoline-5-acetic acid intermediates (89), which were dehydrated in toluene with catalytic amounts of p-toluene sulfonic acid to 2,4-diaryl-5-thiazole acetic acid (90) (Scheme 39) (657), with R = H or Me Ar = Ph, o-, m- or p-tolyl, o-, m-, or P-CIC6H4, 0-, m-, or p-MeOC(iH4, P-CF3C6H4, a-thienyl, a-naphthyl (657). 

Because halides are poorer leaving groups than p toluene sulfonate alkyl p toluene sulfonates can be converted to alkyl halides by 8 2 reactions involving chloride bro mide or iodide as the nucleophile... 

Write equations showing the reaction of octadecyl p toluene... 

The reaction of alcohols with acyl chlorides is analogous to their reaction with p toluenesulfonyl chloride described earlier (Section 8 14 and Table 15 2) In those reactions a p toluene sulfonate ester was formed by displacement of chloride from the sulfonyl group by the oxygen of the alcohol Carboxylic esters arise by displacement of chlonde from a carbonyl group by the alcohol oxygen... 

Write a stepwise mechanism for the conversion of p-toluene sulfonic acid to p-cresol under the conditions shown in the preceding equation... 

A/-phenyl-AT-(p-toluene-sulfonyl)-/) -phenylenediamine Dihjdroquinolines [100-93-6] (37) RU Ururoyal Chemical... 

A. 2-f2-Bmmoetkyl)-l,3-diozane (1), A 2-L, three-necked flask Is equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer, and gas Inlet tube. In the flask are placed 750 ml of dichloromethane, 112 g (2.00 moll of acrolein (Note 1), and 0.10 g of didnnamalacetone Indicator (Note 2) under nitrogen. The yellow solution is cooled to 0-5°C with an Ice bath. Gaseous hydrogen bromide (Note 3) is bubbled Into the solution with stirring until the Indicator becomes deep red (Note 4). The Ice bath is removed and 1.0 g of p-toluene-sulfonic acid monohydrate and 152.2 g (2.00 mol, 144 mL) of 1,3-propanediol (Note 11 are added. The yellow solution is stirred at room temperature for 8... 

Plasticisers are comparatively uncommon but plasticised grades are supplied by some manufacturers. Plasticisers lower the melting point and improve toughness and flexibility, particularly at low temperatures. An example of a plasticiser used commercially in Santicizer 8, a blend of o- and p-toluene ethyl sulphonamide (Figure 18.18). 

A number of basic materials such as hydroxides, hydrides and amides of alkaline and alkaline earth metals and metal oxides such as zinc oxide and antimony oxide are useful catalysts for the reaction. Acid ester-exchange catalysts such as boric acid, p-toluene sulphonic acid and zinc chloride are less... 

Methylindole has been prepared from the a5-methylphenyl-hydrazone of pyruvic acid, by the action of sodium amide or sodium hydride on indole followed by methyl iodide at elevated temperatures,by treatment of indole with methyl p-toluene-sulfonatc and anhydrous sodium carbonate in boiling xylene, and by the action of inelhyl sulfate on indole previously treated... 

Toluene-2,6-di isocyanate p-Toluene sulphonic acid o-Toluidine... 

Acid-induced gelling reactions of PF resins can cause severe deterioration of the wood substrate and therefore have lost any importance in the wood adhesives field. Pizzi et al. [85] describe a procedure for the neutralization of acid-hardened PF glue lines by partly using as hardener a mix of p-toluene sulfonic acid with a... 

In a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask covered with aluminum foil, 14.3 g (0.0381 mole) of 17a-acetoxy-3j5-hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one is mixed with 50 ml of tetra-hydrofuran, 7 ml ca. 0.076 mole) of dihydropyran, and 0.15 g of p-toluene-sulfonic acid monohydrate. The mixture is warmed to 40 + 5° where upon the steroid dissolves rapidly. The mixture is kept for 45 min and 1 ml of tetra-methylguanidine is added to neutralize the catalyst. Water (100 ml) is added and the organic solvent is removed using a rotary vacuum evaporator. The solid is taken up in ether, the solution is washed with water and saturated salt solution, dried over sodium sulfate, and then treated with Darco and filtered. Removal of the solvent followed by drying at 0.2 mm for 1 hr affords 18.4 g (theory is 17.5 g) of solid having an odor of dihydropyran. The infrared spectrum contains no hydroxyl bands and the crude material is not further purified. This compound has not been described in the literature. 

The effect of the catalyst-steroid ratio has been studied for the p-toluene-sulphonic acid-catalyzed ketalization of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione. Selective formation of the 3-monoketal is observed with the use of an equimolar amount of ethylene glycol and a low ratio of catalyst to steroid. ... 

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