Oxoacids naming

Oxoacid names are similar to those of the oxoanions, except for two suffix changes ... 

The names of oxoacids are simply related to those of the corresponding oxoanions. The -ate suffix of the anion is replaced by -ic in the acid. In a similar way, the suffix -ite is replaced by the suffix -ous. The prefixes per- and hypo- found in the name of the anion are retained in... 

Strategy In (a), note that the specie is a gas, not an arid. In (b) and (c), refer back to Table 2.3 for the name of the oxoanion. In (d), reason by analogy with chlorine oxoacids. 

An inorganic acid has a formula that typically begins with H oxoacids have formulas that begin with H and end in O. We distinguish between binary hydrides, such as HX, which are not named as acids, and their aqueous solutions, HX(aq), which are. 

Step 2 If the compound is an oxoacid, derive the name of the acid from the name of the polyatomic ion that it produces, as in Toolbox D.1. In general,... 

U 1 Name ions, binary inorganic compounds, oxoacids, compounds with common polyatomic ions, and hydrates, and write their formulas (Toolboxes D.l and D.2, Self-Test D.l, and Examples D.l, D.2, and D.3). 

J.I4 The oxides of nonmetallic elements are called acidic oxides because they form acidic solutions in water. Write the balanced chemical equations for the reaction of one mole of each acidic oxide with one mole of water molecules to form an oxoacid and name the acid formed (a) C02 (b) SO,. 

Below are the molecular models of two oxoacids. Write the name of each acid and then draw the model of its conjugate base. (Red = O, light gray = H, green = Cl, and blue = N.)... 

The name of each oxoacid is based on the name of the polyatomic anion from which it forms, followed by the word acid. Review Table for the names of common polyatomic anions. 

An oxoacid that forms from a polyatomic anion whose name ends in -ate has a name ending in -ic. For example, HNO3 forms by adding a proton to the nitrate polyatomic anion, so HNO3 is nitric acid. Likewise, HCIO4 is perchloric acid from the perchlorate anion. 

This system is additive and was developed originally to name coordination compounds, although it can be used in other circumstances when appropriate. For a discussion, see the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 10. The compound to be named is considered as a central atom together with its ligands, and the name is developed by assembling the individual names of the constituents. This system has also been applied to name oxoacids and the related anions. Coordination names for oxoanions are cited in the examples throughout the text, and they are presented in detail in Section 4.4.5 (p. 69). 

Other minor systems are also in use. Some are traditional, and some are very restricted in their application. These include acid nomenclature (inorganic, for oxoacids and derivatives), replacement nomenclature (mainly organic, to denote replacement of skeletal atoms in a parent rather than replacement of hydrogen atoms — oxa-aza replacement is one variant), functional class nomenclature (this is again principally organic and involves the use of type names such as alcohol, acid and ether) and subtractive nomenclatures (such as organic-deoxy and inorganic-debor). These will all be referred to briefly as appropriate. 

The names of heteroatomic electronegative constituents generally take the anion ending -ate, which is also characteristic of the names of anions of oxoacids (sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, etc.). Many such anions are coordination compounds, and these names are assembled using the rules of coordination nomenclature (see Section 4.4, p. 51). 

Polymeric compounds (macromolecules) do not fall easily into either of these categories, and for them a subsystem of macromolecular nomenclature has been developed. A brief introduction to macromolecular nomenclature is presented in Chapter 6. Non-stoichiometric compounds also are clearly difficult to name within the constraints of a description which generally implies localised electron-pair bonds or specific atom-atom interactions. For these, further systems of nomenclature are in the process of development. Finally, oxoacids and inorganic rings and chains have their own nomenclature variants. 

A full list of permitted alternative names for oxoacids and derived anions can be found in [Table 1-4). 

History. Some traditional names (a selection is in [Table 1-4]) were introduced by Lavoisier. Under his system, oxoacids were given a two-word name, the second word being acid. In the first word, the endings -ous or -ic were added to the stem of the name, intended to indicate the content of oxygen, which is known today to be related to the oxidation states of the central atom. Unfortunately, these endings do not describe the same oxidation states in dilTerent families of acids. Thus sulfurous acid und sulfuric acid refer to oxidation stales IV and VI, whereas chlorous acid and chloric acid refer to oxidation states 111 and V. 

Acceptable abbreviated names may be given to potyoxoacids formally derived by condensation (with evolution of water) of units of the same mononuclear oxoacid, provided that the central atom of the mononuclear oxoacid lias the highest oxidation state of the Periodic Croup to which it belongs, that is, VI for sulfur, etc. The names are formed by indicating with numerical prefixes the number of atoms of central dement present. It is not necessary to slate the number oF oxygen atoms. 

International Agreement, The first report of the Commission for the Reform of the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry was written in 1926 by Delepine. Subsequent rules (1940, 1959) were expanded and improved in 1990 to provide the basis for naming inorganic compounds. They retain most of the well established names for biliary and pseudobinary compounds and for the oxoacids of the nonmetals and derivatives. 

Names of monatomic anions end in -ide oxoanions are anions that contain oxygen. Oxoacids are molecular acids that contain oxygen. Within a series, the suffixes -ate and -ic acid indicate a greater number of oxygen atoms than the suffixes -ite and -ous acid. 

Oxoacids and Oxoanions The names of oxoanions and their parent acids can be deter- ... 

Various generic names have been used for oxoacids and oxoanions. Because there are many of them, it is difficult to define the terms unambiguously and consistently. But the following statements may be helpful. 

In addition to the oxoacids, there are a small number of other acids, such as HC1, that do not contain oxygen. Although the pure, gaseous compound HC1 is named hydrogen chloride according to the rules for binary compounds, the aqueous solution is named hydrochloric acid, HCl(a ). This example is typical of non-oxygen-containing acids The prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic acid are used for the aqueous solution in such cases. 

To name an acid, look at the formula and decide whether the compound is an oxoacid. If so, the name must reflect the number of oxygen atoms, according to Table 2.4. If the compound is not an oxoacid, it is named using the prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic acid. 

Oxidation State Oxoacids of the Halogens Generic Name (formula) Chlorine Bromine Iodine... 

There are two main kinds of acids binary acids and oxoacids. A binary acid is composed of two elements hydrogen and a non-metal. Two examples of binary acids are hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid. All binary acids have the general formula HX(aq). The H represents one or more hydrogen atoms. The X represents the non-metal. As you can see in Table 10.6, the names of binary acids are made up of the following parts ... 

An oxoacid is an acid formed from a polyatomic ion that contains oxygen, hydrogen, and another element. (Oxoacids are called oxyacids in some chemistry textbooks). In Chapter 3, you learned the names of common polyatomic ions and their valences (oxidation numbers). The names of oxoacids are similar to the names of their polyatomic oxoanions. Only the suffix is different. Study the three rules and examples for naming oxoacids below. Then try the Practice Problems that follow. 

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